Ancient Greece (Rev)

[Music] [Music] the Olympics part of our heritage from ancient [Music] Greece this Temple like the Olympics is another lasting symbol a reminder of a certain time and place the [Music] time the place at its peak this civilization surpassed in many ways the older civilizations of Egypt and Babylonia Greece grew and thrived on this peninsula and in the islands of the aian Sea and the coast of Asia Minor but travel and communication in this mountainous land were difficult so the Greeks turned to the sea from sheltered bays and inlets they sailed the aan and Mediterranean they sailed the Seas to trade and to fish for [Music] food on the land they raised crops for domestic use and for export for trade wheat was the principal grain and staple food grapes were pressed to make wine olives were grown for food and for oil Pottery vessels were used to store oil wine wheat and other products they were handmade on a potter's wheel often decorated with familiar scenes Merchants weighing grain to sell women at work in their homes taking care of children spinning weaving [Music] and religious activities all part of daily life in the city states of ancient Greece this is a model of Deli one of the important city states Deli was an international religious [Music] Shrine other important and Wealthy cities were thieves Athens Corinth and Sparta [Music] in Athens as in the other city states the wealth was spent on public rather than private [Music] construction on a Rocky Hill called the Acropolis are the remains of many public buildings including the panon the marble Temple dedicated to the goddess Athena for whom Athens was named Athens was a cultural center a center for art and Arch ecture from music and drama and dance and a Center for Learning Greek Scholars pondered the beauty of Nature and the riddles of science philosophy and [Music] religion magnificent temples were built for Apollo Athena Zeus and other Greek gods in the Athens of 2500 years ago men would gather to discuss politics War art and religion women foreign born merchants and slaves were not allowed the rights of [Music] citizens in a Grove called the Academia the lecture system of teaching was developed by Plato young male citizens came to his Academy to learn from Plato and other philosophers their ideas have had a lasting influence on Western Civilization a tyrant is one who is so dominated by fear and Lawless appetites that he creates around him a Havoc as great as that in his own soul on wax tablets students took notes from lectures on many subjects human conduct government citizenship perhaps they learned of those pieces of pottery called ostran in which a name was written in the form of a secret ballot for banishment in earlier days ostran votes were cast against someone to exclude or ostracize that person politics was one of many subjects taught in the [Music] academy Aristotle a pupil of Plato became an authority on politics ethics physics logic and biology he developed the basis for scientific investigation other Greeks studied mathematics and developed theories like those of uid and Pythagoras tmy improved the science of geography with his Maps the historian Herodotus recorded events like the battle fort here on the plane of marathon between the Greeks and Persians the Persians invaded from Asia Minor and were stopped here at Marathon news of the Greek victory was carried by fipdes across a great distance from Marathon to Athens today long-distance races are called marathons in honor of fipi long run 2500 years ago is of Marathon heroism strength and physical Perfection were the ideals of the Greek Soldier and the Greek athlete no other ancient culture placed so great an emphasis on physical Perfection young men were trained in many sports and games to help develop strong healthy bodies athletic contests took place in great stadiums like this one in the city of Deli [Music] many cities had a theater for drama was very important in this theater Athenians watch plays by writers whose works are still known comedies by Aristophanes tragedies by escalus Sophocles and Ides plays they saw we still see words they heard in ancient Greek the world still hears in many languages media I bid you go hence from this land into to Exile taking with you your two sons and car not I am here to see this sentence fulfilled the boundaries of my real might cast you from I no I am utterly destroyed my enemies with full hail bear down upon me safe landing place from ruin there is none yet will I ask downtrodden though I am for what cause Cron do you banish me I fear you what need for veiled words the Greeks loved all art forms sculpture flourished and reached toward perfection in Greek sculpture we find the ideal of a human body often reflected in representations of the Greek gods Zeus Supreme over all other gods Hermes Herald and messenger of the Gods by the sculptor praxides it is considered one of the finest human figures ever sculpted a favorite subject for sculptures was Athena her statue stood inside her Temple the Parthenon the outside was decorated with elaborate sculptures today most of the sculpture of the parnon is gone the building is in Ruins but the panon still stands as one of the symbols of ancient Greece a reminder of that great culture's lasting influence on our Western Civilization that developed from it [Music]