AIRPLANES AND HOW THEY FLY

Year Published: 1950

Description:

Dating to 1950, this film "Airplanes and How They Fly" was directed at an elementary school audience. It describes the mechanics of how airplanes fly and are controlled. It explains the principles of lift and thrust, the role of different types of engines (propeller, jet, and turboprop), and how control surfaces like rudders, elevators, and ailerons help pilots maneuver the aircraft. It also touches on the importance of airplanes in modern transportation and their continuous technological advancements.

• 0:22-0:34: A large B-47 Stratojet airplane prepares for takeoff, with the crew feeling tense and anxious.

• 0:39-0:47: The control tower clears the plane for takeoff.

• 0:55-1:10: A B-29 bomber on the tarmac. A Westland Dragonfly helicopter and an F-86 Sabrejet are shown. Various types of airplanes are mentioned, from propeller-driven bombers to helicopters and jet-powered planes.

• 1:18-1:29: A Cessna 140 takes off. A B-36 bomber sits on the runway. Airplanes range in size from small private planes to large ones that can fly over 8 miles high.

• 1:32-1:41: Passenger planes such as this TWA Lockheed Constellation can travel to distant places in a few hours.

• 1:44-2:13: Explanation of how airplanes fly, focusing on the shape of the wings creating lift.

• 2:24-2:50: Animation: the propeller's role in pulling the plane forward and creating lift.

• 2:54-3:08: The faster the plane moves, the greater the lift.

• 3:11-3:35: Jet planes create thrust by expelling hot gases, which pushes the plane forward.

• 4:00-4:09: Some planes have both jet engines and propellers, known as turboprop planes.

• 4:12-4:22: As the plane gathers speed, it lifts off the ground when lift exceeds gravity.

• 4:36-4:57: Cessna 140 is shown. Control surfaces on the tail and wings help the plane dive, climb, and turn.

• 5:00-5:09: The rudder steers the plane left or right.

• 5:13-5:19: Elevators control the plane's ascent and descent.

• 5:22-5:38: Ailerons tip the plane to either side.

• 5:41-5:54: The pilot uses controls in the cockpit to move these surfaces.

• 5:57-6:06: Some planes use a stick instead of a wheel for control.

• 6:09-6:25: How the controls affect the plane in flight.

• 6:30-6:54: Turning the plane involves using both the rudder and ailerons.

• 7:04-7:17: Large airplanes have the same controls as small planes but with special machinery to assist the pilot.

• 7:20-7:39: B-36 Peacemaker bomber. The plane's engines are started and checked before flight.

• 7:42-8:02: The plane moves to the runway, with propellers on the back of the wings pushing it forward.

• 8:04-8:23: The plane takes off, with its engines at full power.

• 8:33-8:46: F-86 Sabre take off. Reflecting on the speed and size of airplanes.

• 8:54-9:07: The lifting power of wings allows planes to rise into the air.

• 9:10-9:26: Control surfaces enable planes to maneuver.

• 9:29-9:40: The pilot controls the plane from the cockpit.

• 9:43-9:49: Airplanes provide fast, safe transportation worldwide.

• 9:51-10:10: Airplanes are constantly being improved for better performance. Douglas A-26 Invader takes off.

• 10:13-10:16: Future airplanes will be faster, better, and safer.

Complete Record: Dating to 1950, this film "Airplanes and How They Fly" was directed at an elementary school audience. It describes the mechanics of how airplanes fly and are controlled. It explains the principles of lift and thrust, the role of different types of engines (propeller, jet, and turboprop), and how control surfaces like rudders, elevators, and ailerons help pilots maneuver the aircraft. It also touches on the importance of airplanes in modern transportation and their continuous technological advancements. • 0:22-0:34: A large B-47 Stratojet airplane prepares for takeoff, with the crew feeling tense and anxious. • 0:39-0:47: The control tower clears the plane for takeoff. • 0:55-1:10: A B-29 bomber on the tarmac. A Westland Dragonfly helicopter and an F-86 Sabrejet are shown. Various types of airplanes are mentioned, from propeller-driven bombers to helicopters and jet-powered planes. • 1:18-1:29: A Cessna 140 takes off. A B-36 bomber sits on the runway. Airplanes range in size from small private planes to large ones that can fly over 8 miles high. • 1:32-1:41: Passenger planes such as this TWA Lockheed Constellation can travel to distant places in a few hours. • 1:44-2:13: Explanation of how airplanes fly, focusing on the shape of the wings creating lift. • 2:24-2:50: Animation: the propeller's role in pulling the plane forward and creating lift. • 2:54-3:08: The faster the plane moves, the greater the lift. • 3:11-3:35: Jet planes create thrust by expelling hot gases, which pushes the plane forward. • 4:00-4:09: Some planes have both jet engines and propellers, known as turboprop planes. • 4:12-4:22: As the plane gathers speed, it lifts off the ground when lift exceeds gravity. • 4:36-4:57: Cessna 140 is shown. Control surfaces on the tail and wings help the plane dive, climb, and turn. • 5:00-5:09: The rudder steers the plane left or right. • 5:13-5:19: Elevators control the plane's ascent and descent. • 5:22-5:38: Ailerons tip the plane to either side. • 5:41-5:54: The pilot uses controls in the cockpit to move these surfaces. • 5:57-6:06: Some planes use a stick instead of a wheel for control. • 6:09-6:25: How the controls affect the plane in flight. • 6:30-6:54: Turning the plane involves using both the rudder and ailerons. • 7:04-7:17: Large airplanes have the same controls as small planes but with special machinery to assist the pilot. • 7:20-7:39: B-36 Peacemaker bomber. The plane's engines are started and checked before flight. • 7:42-8:02: The plane moves to the runway, with propellers on the back of the wings pushing it forward. • 8:04-8:23: The plane takes off, with its engines at full power. • 8:33-8:46: F-86 Sabre take off. Reflecting on the speed and size of airplanes. • 8:54-9:07: The lifting power of wings allows planes to rise into the air. • 9:10-9:26: Control surfaces enable planes to maneuver. • 9:29-9:40: The pilot controls the plane from the cockpit. • 9:43-9:49: Airplanes provide fast, safe transportation worldwide. • 9:51-10:10: Airplanes are constantly being improved for better performance. Douglas A-26 Invader takes off. • 10:13-10:16: Future airplanes will be faster, better, and safer.

Transcription

[Music] like a giant dragonfly this winged monster crawls along the runway the men inside it are tense anxious as rolls out for the takeoff now comes the big moment the control tower calls cleared for takeoff muscles are tense Minds alert here she [Music] comes there are all types of airplanes from the propeller driven bomber to The Peculiar looking helicopter to the newer faster jet powered planes airplanes are of all sizes too ranging from the small private plane to this giant which can lift its immense weight more than 8 miles above the ground ground passenger planes carry people to and from the Far Corners of the Earth in a few hours but what is it that enables airplanes weighing hundreds of thousands of pounds to leave the ground how do planes fly through the air let's take a look at a small plane and see what really happens as an airplane gathers speed the air run rushes faster and faster over the wings due to the special shape of the wing this moving air creates a partial vacuum on the top of the wing the pressure is now greater underneath the wing so it pushes upward lifting the plane into the air this Force which causes the plane to rise is called lift the blades of the airplane propeller are twisted like fan blades so that they bite into the air in the same way a screw bites into wood this pulls the plane forward as the plane moves air rushes over the wings because of the shape of the wing a partial vacuum is created above the wing the pressure below the up to fill this vacuum it is this Force into the air the faster the air moves past the wing the greater the lifting force will be be as the plane gathers speed air rushes faster and faster the vacuum above the wing becomes greater and the lift increases although a jet plane has no propeller it's lifted into the air in exactly the same way air enters the Jet Plane through an opening in the front it flows through a duct back to the jet engine the jet engine compresses the air and heats it to a very high temperature it is then forced out the tail of the plane at tremendous speed let's trace the air again in the front back to the jet engine where it's heated by the burning fuel and out the tail in the form of hot exhaust gases the great force of these hot exhaust gases shooting out the tail pushes the plane forward some airplanes have both a jet and a propeller the propeller to pull the jet to push both driven by the same engine they are called turbo prop planes as this Jet Plane gathers speed air rushes faster and faster over the wings as soon as the lift of the Wings is greater than the pull of gravity the plane rises from the ground now we know something about the force that lifts airplanes into the air but how are they controlled how do they dive climb and turn let's go back to our small light plane again the airplane is controlled by control surfaces which are located in the tail and at the rear edge of the wing the rudder is is used to steer it right or left the elevators make it go up or down the aerons are used to tip or Bank the plane to either side the pilot moves these control surfaces by using the controls located in the cockpit the is moved to right or left by foot pedals on this plane the elevators are moved by pushing the wheel forward or back and the aerons are moved by turning the wheel some airplanes use a stick for controlling elevators and ailerons in much the same manner but the wheel is more common now let's see how these controls affect the plane in Flight in level flight the controls are in their Center or neutral position when the wheel is pushed forward the elevators are lowered the air strikes the lowered elevators and forces the tail of the plane up causing the plane to dive a turn requires the use of both Rudder and ailerons together the pilot pushes the right Rudder pedal the rudder swings to the right at the same time he turns the wheel to the right this moves the aileron so that the left wing is raised and the right wing is lowered the combination of the two controls produces a right turn even the very largest airplanes have exactly the same controls as our small plane the elevators and Rudder of this giant plane are so large that the pilot has special Machinery to help him move them let's watch this giant preparing for flight first the engines are started and warned every detail is checked and rechecked everything must function perfect perfectly before flight everything in Readiness the airplane begins to move slowly almost clumsily out to the takeoff Runway notice that this airplane has its propellers on the back of the wing thus instead of pulling the plane through the air these propellers push now the big plane comes roaring down the runway it six huge engines wide open six big windmills biting into the air tons of metal rushing forward faster and faster smoothly and almost unnoticed the wheels leave the ground and the gigantic ship is in the air when you see an airplane flying high overhead stop and think think of the astounding speed of the jet airplane this plane that flies a mile in 6 seconds the time it takes you to tie one shoe if you're fast think of the enormous size of some of our larger planes think of the the tremendous lifting power These Wings must have to lift this giant into the air and remember that this lifting power is caused by the air rushing past the specially shaped Wings when the lift of the Wings is greater than the pull of gravity the plane Rises into the air remember the control surfaces that enable airplanes to dive climb and turn all control from within the cockpit by the pilot think too of the importance of the airplane in our everyday life fast Safe Transportation to almost any point in the world in a few hours time the air plane is constantly being improved many planes only a year old are already out of date for ever since the airplane was first invented men have been striving to fly faster higher and safer than ever before the airplane of the future we know only that it will be faster better and safer than the airplane of today [Music]

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