A/V Geeks Lunch 4-13-22

so so so so so so hello everybody i'm skip alzheimer welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and sometimes we watch films that don't have sound uh that film was from 1928 and they didn't really have uh sound they had experimental sound but um yeah so old film uh from the mogul brothers collection via oregon archive um so for newcomers i usually start off with a silent film uh just to kind of do a sound check um with the projector sound and i have a lot of silent material i have home movies i have a lot of things that don't have sound so i'd like to highlight those as well and give you an opportunity to watch stuff that you probably wouldn't be able to watch otherwise so that's that so behind me i have a telecini which is hooked up to a converter box which is hooked up to another cable which is hooked up to this mac which is hooked up to the internet uh and we're gonna watch uh the film what is a family enjoy wow [Music] so [Music] hello hello hey you're cute i like you i'm gonna like it here here sure i'm gonna live here with you would you like that well i guess so but good then it's settled do you live here all alone no i live here with my family what's a family a family is the people who love you and and take care of you how many people is that well different families have different numbers of people what's that mean it's like you could have say one mother one father and one child that would make a family of three [Music] or you could have one mother one father two boys and two girls that would make a family of six or you could have one mother and three children that would make four hey now i understand different families have different numbers of people that's what i said but what about your family well there's my mother that's one my father that's two my sister that's three my brother that makes four there are four people in my family you mean five don't you oh yes i forgot about me there are five people in my family counting me only five then you have a smaller family than some of my friends what friends oh here comes one now hello my friend the cat has a larger family than yours that's right i have four sisters and two brothers and and one mother that makes seven and me that makes eight and my mother keeps us neat and clean just like your mother takes care of you my family is smaller than yours i have one sister and we look alike do you look like your sister i don't think so we don't have the same color hair i have blond hair my sister has black hair red hair i know i know she has gray hair like mine my sister has brown hair like my mother does your sister look exactly like your mother no like your father no mothers and fathers are older than children so they can't look exactly the same how old are they well my brother is ten my sister is nine and i'm always six but i go to school just like they do what's school yes what's school i've never been to school that's because school is not for clowns and cats and squirrels schools are for children they meet new friends and learn lots of new things what kinds of things well we learn about animals and their families did you know when animals have families of course i know that and birds have families i know that too and the mothers and fathers feed the young ones and protect them yes i know that too and teach them which is the right thing to do and which is the wrong thing to do yup i know that too there are big animal families with what with lots of children like fish and chickens do you know any people families that are big i have a friend at school who has seven brothers and a sister that's a big family all right i have another friend with a big family he has three sisters and a brother do any of your friends have small families well there is a girl only a mother and father and a brother and there is another who has only a mother i guess you could say that a small family i know some small animal families i know some big ones too how does mother goose know which little ones are hers mothers always seem to know which little ones are hers when even when they look alike monkeys look alike animals and people are alike in some ways but not every way animals are like people because they have mothers and they have fathers and sometimes they have sisters and brothers and no matter what they have if they love and care for each other that makes a family [Music] [Laughter] [Music] and [Music] [Music] holy cow um yeah that that little uh clown puppet was right out out of the box it was creepy and was asking all these creepy oh i'm gonna love living here tell me you know and then he asked all these like personal questions and it's just like oh we can re-uh narrate that and make it about um bad people uh this next one we got is uh why food spoil enjoy [Music] so [Music] a long long time ago people spent much time in search of food when a hunter killed a large animal there was usually more than enough to eat so the family ate and this the hunter's wife must have wished she knew how to keep all this food from spoiling but there were only a few ways to keep food from going bad in those days american pioneers of course knew how to preserve some foods and they learned from the indians how to keep others sometimes new ways of keeping foods were found accidentally the news of this would spread from neighbor to neighbor for instance people discovered that foods keep longer in cool places so they stored food in cellars underground that would stay cool even in the summer but only recently have we discovered why food spoil now we can buy food weeks can be sent across the country and kept in grocery stores and supermarkets for a long time with no fear of the food spoiling today we know that keeping food fit to eat means keeping three different kinds of tiny plants out of the food these tiny plants are called moles yeast and bacteria remember the words moles yeast and bacteria some food spoil a slice of bread for instance the slice of bread should be moist tiny mold seeds floating in the air will fall on the bread then the bread should be do you see the fuzz that has grown on the bread it is called bread mold moldy bread doesn't taste good let's look at this bread mold through a magnifying glass mold is a tiny plant that fuzz on the bread is a small garden of mold plants and the bread itself is the garden plot the mold seeds were planted when they fell on the bread from the air notice that the bread mold has many little branches and roots we can see that the roots of the mold grow deep into the bread just as roots of plants grow deep into the soil do you see the dark cluster at the top of the mold plant on the left with a stronger lens we can see that this round dark cluster is a sac full of mold seeds we call these seeds spores spores are so light that they float in the air and so they can easily get into our food if you take a brush and brush away the mold on bread you will see dust rise this dust is made up of the thousands of tiny spores that have grown on a single slice of bread most molds spoil food but some molds can be put to work for us certain molds give cheese a special flavor and so some kinds of cheese we have we owe to the different kinds of moles but when molds grow on the wrong foods they spoil the taste and may destroy some of the food value with a microscope scientists study different kinds of mold and separate those that are useful from those that are not different molds have different colors and shapes there are many kinds of molds just as there are many varieties of plants and flowers in the garden each mold acts on a different kind of food in a different way it is usually easy to discover food that has become moldy because the mold plants grow on the surface where we can see them but some tiny plants that spoil food are almost invisible this orange juice for example is being spoiled by another kind of tiny plant called yeast see these bubbles coming up through the orange pulp in the bottom of the glass they tell us that yeast plants are growing in the food yeasts are too small to be seen even with an ordinary magnifying glass but we can see them through a microscope these bubbles are a gas carbon dioxide which yeasts give off when they feed on sugar and water as the yeasts grow and multiply they make the juice turn sour like molds some yeasts are very useful for instance some yeasts make bread dough rise mother deliberately puts a special kind of yeast in the flour she uses to bake bread as this yeast grows it too will give off carbon dioxide and this gas is what makes bread dough rise now we can see the air holes in the bread which have been made by the gas escaping from the yeast so it is yeasts which make bread fluffy and light the third kind of plant that spoils food is called bacteria bacteria are the smallest of all plants they can be seen only with the aid of a strong microscope bacteria can be divided into three groups these pictures show one bacteria from each group one kind of bacteria is round another kind is shaped like a number of little sticks or rods the third kind is formed into little chains one connected with the other it is difficult to imagine how small bacteria are if all the people in the world were turned into bacteria they would hardly cover this half dollar coin when meat and vegetables spoil and are no longer good for us to eat when milk turns sour bacteria are the cause once again just as with molds and yeasts some bacteria are useful but because many bacteria are dangerous to our health scientists study them an easy way to grow bacteria is to press your fingers on this special jelly there are sure to be bacteria on your fingers now cover the dish and put it in a warm dark place for two days see where the fingers touch the jelly millions of bacteria are growing there they grow in a similar way on food and may make it poisonous there are bacteria almost everywhere we shop and water to get rid of as many bacteria as possible otherwise some of the harmful ones may be carried into our body and cause disease we have seen that three kinds of tiny plants may go on foods and spoil them molds yeasts and bacteria let's learn how to keep these tiny plants from spoiling food one of the oldest ways of preserving food is drying it long ago people noticed that some foods keep longer when dried in the sun fishermen in many parts of the world dry fish in the sun the drier the fish the longer it will keep some fish are dried and salted the salt helps take the water out of the fish and keep it dry many kinds of meat keep longer when preserved with smoke let's explain why drying foods helps preserve them to do this we'll try an experiment here are some pea seeds the one on the left has been planted on dry soil the one on the right has been watered the seed in the container with the moist soil is doing well but the seed in the dry soil isn't growing at all this experiment shows that a plant even a tiny plant that spoils food needs water to grow one more experiment these are two healthy young pea plants we'll cool the plant on the right and heat the plant on the left see how the plant on the left begins to wilt after the heat is turned on and the cooled plant stops growing we all know that plants don't grow in cold winter weather molds yeasts and bacteria are plants too here are the clues to two more ways of preserving foods by heat and by cold food keeps in refrigerators because tiny plants either do not grow or grow so slowly that it will take a long time before the food spoils very low temperatures like those in a freezer kill some of the tiny plants and slow down the growth of others it would take months possibly years to spoil food kept in a deep freeze of your home or in store freezers a lot of foods are preserved by killing molds yeasts and bacteria with heat canning is one of the best ways to keep food from spoiling the food is placed in jars or cans and cooked then it is sealed so that new molds yeasts and bacteria cannot enter the heat kills the tiny plants that would make the food spoil in this way food will keep for many months without spoiling today many people work in plants which preserve food by heating drying and freezing almost all the milk we drink is quickly heated to a temperature which kills any dangerous bacteria in the milk we call this pasteurized milk the people who pasteurize milk must be very careful to keep the milk at exactly the right temperature many of the foods we eat today are cooked and sealed tightly in cans at large canneries such as this one food in cans will keep almost indefinitely quick freezing is one of the newer ways of keeping foods meat fruit vegetables even baked and cooked foods stay fit to eat for a long time when kept in a deep freeze at very low temperatures this jar contains eggs in this machine eggs are dried so thoroughly that they turn into powder as long as they are kept dry no tiny plants can grow in them many foods can be dried into powder form here special light rays are used to destroy the plants that spoil food in this film we have seen that molds yeasts and bacteria are plants that cause food to spoil we have learned that these plants need food moisture and air to live we have learned how to dry foods so that these tiny plants cannot grow in them we have seen that low temperatures will kill most tiny plants we have also discovered how to destroy molds yeasts and bacteria by heating foods these are some of the ways to preserve foods there are many others we will have more and better food as scientists find new ways to keep foods from spoiling so as many of you have pointed out bacteria are not plants um we got some old science in there um bacteria are now their own kingdom i think as of 1977 so um there you go um i mean that's what happens we have old science films some things they don't get right because it's not valid anymore and there's been a lot of research in bacteria and single-celled organisms and the world of fungus and molds etc um really interesting stuff i've done a couple of shows at the local well the state north carolina science museum with experts who talk about um the vast amount of life in the in the bacterial realm uh et cetera really kind of cool all right i got another film on the telecity behind me um it is uh never say you can't until you try enjoy [Music] you can do anything make up your mind [Music] just ask somebody to help you [Music] when they're helping each other yes it's fun when you try got to tell you about it you can do anything if you try [Music] hmm what's this it's every quarter how do you play it you blow it again not bad on the other end higher shoelace eric come on jeanette you're trying to is this is close let's take another problem 1.85 times 25. michael you come up and answer this problem [Music] bet you can't do that junior come on try it [Music] it's only asparagus michael try it [Music] [Music] okay [Music] what are you doing kids other than we're trying to fix this car [Music] time [Music] come on [Music] [Music] do it [Music] come on [Music] two [Music] okay let's try that again let's put it on make a toot sound and blow gently and when you play cover up the holes very tight so no air gets out let's see let me hear you play mary that's better much better cover up the holes okay play it again [Music] better much better see the sound again michael i think you better look at the example oh inside of the bullet [Music] um [Music] [Music] [Music] [Music] nothing to lose [Music] [Applause] so all right now let me try it let me try it by myself [Music] hey [Music] hey [Music] big [Music] [Music] please [Music] when it gets too is [Music] [Music] ready begin one two three four one two three four one two three four one two one [Music] [Applause] [Music] beautiful day [Applause] [Music] [Music] do [Music] wow um so we are gathering songs uh tunes uh for the upcoming toe tapping tournament um tentatively there's so many teas um katrina my wife will be here on friday and we will start going through the mix we have right now over 20 candidates so we're going to have to pare it down to something that's a little bit more manageable but yeah so if it's not friday it might be next week but um yeah it's time to start because we need to pick our best candidates uh so we can take on um the found footage festival who's doing their own toe tapping tournament and what we do is we go head-to-head um their top four versus our top four and we trounced them last year but only because we had the super ringer shake hands with danger and it was also judged by the man who actually wrote shake hands with danger so i don't know how we got away with that but we're not going to be able to do that this year um so uh yeah so definitely uh keep keep posted uh in the comments all right i i'm looking at the comments of one person ethan who's a new youtube viewer i'm not going to play video games no that's not what this channel is about sorry um that is we watch old 16 millimeter films and we watch them live that's what we do here at av geeks we show old films we collect old films um if you want to see there are scores of other people playing video games on other channels so uh you can look somewhere and find them twitch seems to be a good place to go uh in the meantime let's uh learn about airplanes and how they fly uh i should say that sometimes if you do a search for av geeks you will come across aviation geeks which is a relatively new term i've been using av geeks since 1992 and aviation geeks is probably less than 10 years old so um yeah let's uh let's confuse the people who are looking for one and are finding both so av being of course for on my uh channel audio visual uh av for uh the other folks is aviation so anyways here we go airplanes and how they fly enjoy [Music] like a giant dragonfly this winged monster crawls along the runway the men inside it are tense anxious as the machine rolls out for the takeoff now comes the big moment the control tower calls cleared for takeoff muscles are tense minds alert here she comes [Music] there are all types of airplanes from the propeller driven bomber to the peculiar looking helicopter to the newer faster jet-powered planes airplanes are of all sizes too ranging from the small private plane to this giant which can lift its immense weight more than eight miles above the ground passenger planes carry people to and from the far corners of the earth in a few hours but what is it that enables airplanes weighing hundreds of thousands of pounds to leave the ground how do planes fly through the air let's take a look at a small plane and see what really happens an airplane gathers speed the air rushes faster and faster over the wings due to the special shape of the wing this moving air creates a partial vacuum on the top of the wing the pressure is now greater underneath the wing so it pushes upward lifting the plane into the air this force which causes the plane to rise is called lift the blades of the airplane propeller are twisted like fan blades so that they bite into the air in the same way a screw bites into wood this pulls the plane forward as the plane moves air rushes over the wings because of the shape of the wing a partial vacuum is created above the wing the air pressure below the wing pushes up to fill this vacuum it is this force which lifts the plane into the air the faster the air moves past the wing the greater the lifting force will be as the plane gathers speed air rushes faster and faster the vacuum above the wing becomes greater and the lift increases although a jet plane has no propeller it's lifted into the air in exactly the same way air enters the jet plane through an opening in the front it flows through a duct back to the jet engine the jet engine compresses the air and heats it to a very high temperature it is then forced out the tail of the plane at tremendous speed let's trace the air again in the front back to the jet engine where it's heated by the burning fuel and out the tail in the form of hot exhaust gases the great force of these hot exhaust gases shooting out the tail pushes the plane forward some airplanes have both a jet and a propeller the propeller to pull the jet to push both driven by the same engine they are called turbo prop planes as this jet plane gathers speed air rushes faster and faster over the wings as soon as the lift of the wings is greater than the pull of gravity the plane rises from the ground now we know something about the force that lifts airplanes into the air but how are they controlled how do they dive climb and turn let's go back to our small light plane again the airplane is controlled by control surfaces which are located in the tail and at the rear edge of the wing the rudder is used to steer it right or left the elevators make it go up or down the ailerons are used to tip or bank the plane to either side the pilot moves these control surfaces by using the controls located in the cockpit the rudder is moved to right or left by foot pedals on this plane the elevators are moved by pushing the wheel forward or back and the ailerons are moved by turning the wheel some airplanes use a stick for controlling elevators and ailerons in much the same manner but the wheel is more common now let's see how these controls affect the plane in flight in level flight the controls are in their center or neutral position when the wheel is pushed forward the elevators are lowered the air strikes the lowered elevators and forces the tail of the plane up causing the plane to dive a turn requires the use of both rudder and ailerons together the pilot pushes the right rudder pedal the rudder swings to the right at the same time he turns the wheel to the right this moves the aileron so that the left wing is raised and the right wing is lowered the combination of the two controls produces a right turn even the very largest airplanes have exactly the same controls as our small plane the elevators and rudder of this giant plane are so large that the pilot has special machinery to help him move them let's watch this giant preparing for flight first the engines are started and warmed every detail is checked and rechecked everything must function perfectly before flight everything in readiness the airplane begins to move slowly almost clumsily out of the take-off runway notice that this airplane has its propellers on the back of the wing thus instead of pulling the plane through the air these propellers push now the big plane comes roaring down the runway it's six huge engines wide open six big windmills biting into the air tons of metal rushing forward faster and faster smoothly and almost unnoticed the wheels leave the ground and the gigantic ship is in the air when you see an airplane flying high overhead stop and think think of the astounding speed of the jet airplane this plane that flies a mile in six seconds the time it takes you to tie one shoe if you're fast think of the enormous size of some of our larger planes think of the tremendous lifting power these wings must have to lift this giant into the air and remember that this lifting power is caused by the air rushing past the specially shaped wings when the lift of the wings is greater than the pull of gravity the plane rises into the air remember the control surfaces that enable airplanes to dive climb and turn all control from within the cockpit by the pilot think too of the importance of the airplane in our everyday life fast safe transportation to almost any point in the world in a few hours time the airplane is constantly being improved many planes only a year old are already out of date for ever since the airplane was first invented men have been striving to fly faster higher and safer than ever before the airplane of the future we know only that it will be faster better and safer than the airplane of today [Music] thankfully it was muted yikes i still have the touch of the bronchitis that's being exacerbated by pollen uh anyways um yeah that was great film uh centron um and uh no apologies i uh i don't show these films to get more viewers if i did if i wanted more viewers one i wouldn't be hosting it because i'm an old dude i just barely comb my hair i barely shave every day you know there's lots of things i could do to make this more palatable um and i could certainly show things that more people would be interested in but i'm sorry um that's not what we're here for we're here to watch old 16 millimeter films of which we have 30 000 uh films and uh you know it might just be down to five of us a year from now where there's just like yeah skip's uncompromising what he does and it's kind of a pain in the butt so anyways um so yesterday there was a lot of films that we showed uh unexpectedly that dealt with looking at the earth from above that uh power and wheels film the uh no frames no boundaries then i showed the powers of 10 sketch film well this one is probably in keeping with that this is if you could see the earth enjoy [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] hey [Music] for millions of years man has lived on the earth and has had some very strange ideas about it because it looked flat he decided that it was flat definitely flat [Music] in india centuries ago some people thought that the earth rested on the backs of huge else the elephant stood on a giant turtle which swam forever in an endless sea [Music] there were ancient greeks who believed that the flat earth was surrounded by an ocean with towering pillars supporting the sky with the sun them and all of the stars [Music] there were those who insisted that the earth had an edge beyond which lived frightful demons if you came too close to the edge [Music] as time went on however people became dissatisfied with these ideas of what the earth was like it could be flat they reasoned because it looked flat and felt flat but why did the sun always set in one place in the evening and rise the next morning in another why did ships disappear below the horizon as they sailed out to sea [Music] if the earth were not flat and if a ship sailed always in the same direction it might eventually return to where it had started when a ship did indeed sail around the earth man could no longer doubt its shape it was round today if you were an astronaut you could fly far out into space and see what the earth is really like one fire zero [Music] from here you can see that the earth is a sphere that seems to hang in space if you take a closer look you can see that it is partly covered with water or oceans and partly with land which we know as continents notice that there is about twice as much water as there is land that each continent has mountains valleys deserts lakes and rivers each a different size and shape the earth turns constantly this is called rotation [Applause] [Music] rotation how does it work find something that's round [Music] the orange will do anything shaped like this we call a sphere next we need a stick [Music] now push the pencil through the middle of the orange [Music] the orange turns or rotates around the pencil the pencil can be called an axis the axis around which the orange turns now let's look at the earth it turns just like the orange but the earth doesn't have an axis the earth's axis isn't something that you can see or touch like the pencil but it does have one if you could see it it might look like this with the north pole at one end and the south pole at the other although we can't see the axis the earth still turns or rotates around it now let's go farther out into space where we can see both the earth and the sun [Music] outside the capsule you will simply float because in space things don't fall down as they do on earth from here we can see that the sun's rays shine on the earth giving heat and light but does the sun shine on all of the earth at once [Music] on the side that's facing the sun it's daytime on the earth but what about the side that's facing away from the sun what's happening there yes people are asleep because it's night time on the dark side of the earth what does the rotation of the earth have to do with night and day [Music] the earth's rotation causes day to change into night and night into day again let's see a day is 24 hours long so that must mean it takes a day for the earth to make one rotation we've learned something about the earth here in space but there's more to learn back on earth itself [Music] [Applause] can we find out for instance why things always fall to the earth they don't in space why is it that unless something is held up it always falls down is there some kind of force which pulls us and everything else to the earth there is and the force is called gravity [Music] pick an apple let go of it what pulled it down what pulls them all to the earth gravity if it weren't for gravity our earth might be a rather difficult place in which to live everything would float like an astronaut in space gravity keeps us and everything around us on the ground and holds us there we've learned a lot about the earth but we've only begun to learn more we can use a model of the earth a globe like the earth the globe is a sphere its surface is divided into oceans and continents and it rotates on an imaginary axis just as the earth itself [Music] wherever the sun shines on the earth it's daytime and wherever it doesn't it's night [Music] rotation causes day to change into night and night back into day again gravity causes things to fall to the earth and holds them there actually the globe can help with many questions about the earth [Music] why do we have winter and summer why do the seasons change why is it colder at the north pole than at the equator why do snow and ice never melt at the north and south poles why do we have temperate zones in equatorial regions [Applause] so many questions holy cow um yeah some people notice that green uh that green uh streak that's an emulsion scratch so you have two different types of scratches in a film one is on the back um which would be more of a black scratch and what that's actually from is light hitting it and then it's a shadow and you can use a wet gate to fill that in temporarily with a chemical that has the index of refraction close to uh the film base so um that can be uh alcohol uh denatured alcohol and also uh perk which is a dry cleaning fluid which i used to use but it is crazy toxic it's like it'll drip on your skin and then your skin turns ash in and starts tingling no we don't do that anymore so even with denatured alcohol we have to be careful so anyways uh if it's scratched into the the emulsion the emulsion is the gelatin that has all the different color information in it or black and white information in it and that will if that's get scraped then it's either green or it's white and that's harder to fill in you can't really use a fluid to do that and what some labs do is they actually wash the film so that it puffs up a little bit the emotion pops up and kind of squeezes in and fills in some of those emulsion scratches but we don't have that technology here so we just let it float the green anyways geeked out pretty hard um thank you nathan for the coffee coffee is a great way to support av geeks because uh we drink it uh it is our drug of choice so you can buy us coffee at ko-fi.com av geeks you can also visit avgeeks.com and see literally thousands of videos that we have online that we've digitized over the last 10 or so years we've been doing this for 30 years holy cow i just realized that um so uh yeah see us tomorrow tomorrow's thursday it'll be great um i won't be playing video games tomorrow sorry but i will be showing you some old 16 millimeter films that you've never seen before and maybe some you have but uh that's what we do here everybody have a great rest of your wednesday and we will see you soon take care you