A/V Geeks Lunch 2-15-2022

so so so so so so hi everybody i'm skip alzheimer welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show where we watch old 16 millimeter films and um comment on them some of these uh are still issues and things that we reflect upon today so we always have the benefit of hindsight to look and see what they got right what they got wrong and these are you know this last film was a documentation of cattle being driven uh to grasslands and uh ultimately getting on a train bound for um stockyards which they would then be butchered and cut up into delicious cuts of meat for those of you that eat meat but some of this has changed uh radically as far as beef and what they're eating and how they're being dealt with this isn't the place to talk about it because i don't have that footage but there you go anyways uh let's uh dive in deep into the aquarium wonderland enjoy [Music] deep down in the oceans are some very unusual things unusual and often colorful unfortunately very little of this ocean life can be seen a great deal can be learned about water life however by studying the wonders within a small aquarium an aquarium no larger than this one the plant and animal life found here have much in common with the plant and animal life found in great oceans lakes and rivers for example we can learn about the wonderful way that animals breathe underwater notice that this goldfish appears to be drinking he's really breathing breathing underwater water usually contains invisible bubbles of oxygen called free oxygen fish breathe free oxygen with a pair of organs called gills which are located inside the body the gills look like several rows of bright red combs but are really hundreds of small blood vessels covered with thin layers of skin in human beings the blood comes to the lungs for oxygen in fish the blood comes to the gills for the same purpose this is the way it happens the fish opens his mouth and takes in water the water contains invisible bubbles of free oxygen when the fish closes his mouth he is able to force the water through his gills while the water passes through the gills the blood absorbs the free oxygen directly out of the water then the water is forced out the gill opening the oxygen it once contained is now in the fish's bloodstream it's difficult to believe that fish have any blood just by looking at them with a naked eye but the next picture offers proof that fish do have blood this is a small section of a goldfish's tail greatly magnified here the fish's tiny heart is pumping blood throughout its body just as in a human body the oxygen this blood contains is feeding all parts of the fish's body oxygen is of life-giving importance to fish just as it is to humans some oxygen enters the water directly from the open air some of it is manufactured by plants and released in the water in this aquarium a special air pump helps add free oxygen to the water fish are remarkable in more ways than one whether they are found in an ocean or a small aquarium instead of having arms and legs like land animals they have fins goldfish have seven fins in all each fin can be opened or closed by small rib-like bones by moving the various fins in certain ways fish can travel in any and all directions they can go up or down they can go sideways they can move their fins so gently that they stand still fish can even swim backwards most fish have a nose these two little dots are the nostrils a fish can often locate food by smell besides an ear located inside its body a fish has an unusual nerve organ called a lateral line which is located just beneath the scales the lateral line can feel very high sounds it combines the senses of both hearing and touch the ocean contains a variety of water life but only a small number of animals can be kept in an aquarium one interesting water animal that lives quite well in any small aquarium is a snail a snail breathes the same as a fish except it has only one gill if it were not able to fold up into its shell a snail would soon be eaten by hungry fish seen through the glass aquarium wall the snail makes an interesting site as it eats the tiny plants called algae that grow there when setting up a new aquarium a few very important things must be remembered first of all the aquarium tank is placed on a firm support then the bottom of the tank is prepared to do this some coarse sand is washed in running water sand from ocean beaches cannot be used it is too salty after a while all the dirt washes away leaving only clean sand then the bottom of the aquarium is covered with the sand ten pounds of it is just enough for this five gallon aquarium some plants are placed in the sand they not only make the aquarium look nice but more important they help add oxygen to the water water is then added the saucer helps keep the sand and plants from washing away ordinary drinking water often contains too much of the chemical chlorine fish become sick in this kind of water so the aquarium is allowed to stand just like this for a week this ages the water and causes the chlorine to disappear before putting in fish the temperature of the water the fish are in and the temperature of the aquarium water are checked they should be nearly the same for fish cannot stand too sudden a change in temperature this is the correct way to accustom fish to a new temperature the temporary goldfish home will float this way for half an hour while the two temperatures slowly become equal then the goldfish can be released for every gallon of water one snail can also be added snails help keep the aquarium clean unless an air pump is used to help add oxygen to the water there must not be too many fish in the aquarium if there are too many fish there will not be enough free oxygen for all of them there should be at least one gallon of water for every inch of fish this five-gallon aquarium has room to spare for these three one-inch goldfish only one person should do the feeding each day as it is dangerous to over feed fish a small amount of food is enough for three or four average size goldfish about once a week a dip tube is used to clean out the bottom of the aquarium the dirty water is discarded and fresh water that has been aged for a week is added to refill the tank these goldfish are happy for three reasons one their aquarium is not overcrowded two they get just enough food each day never too much and three they are happy because they never have a sudden change in temperature even under these ideal conditions goldfish seldom lay eggs in an aquarium although it is possible if this were to occur the eggs would have to be removed to a separate bowl for many fish cannot resist eating them when greatly magnified the eggs at first show no signs of life but within a day or two they begin to take the shape of tiny fish curled into tight little balls on the fourth or fifth day the fish are born one by one they break out of their soft shells to become living breathing members of the wonderful world of water animals the little fish instinctively hide among the leaves of water plants in a few weeks they are big enough to be placed in the main aquarium when they grow older however they must be removed otherwise the aquarium will soon be overcrowded there are other wonders to be found in an aquarium wonders among both plants and animals for an aquarium no larger than this one is truly one of nature's wonderland by seeing some of the things that live here we are better able to understand more about the many strange things that live in the great bodies of water which are all around us um so i didn't raise i didn't have fish but my uh parents did i tried to do sea monkeys a couple of times and that did not work um usually a fly would get in it and then it would destroy the the delicate balance of uh uh the ecosystem of the little fish bowl that i had the sea monkeys in and i mean they were just brine shrimp so it wasn't really a big deal uh let's see so we've got behind me uh telecity and we have a film set up this is what we use to transfer films live and this is one of the exciting things about doing this streaming show is i'm able to go to the back pull a film and we can watch it live unfortunately sometimes uh youtube and or facebook decide that whatever i'm showing i don't have the rights to and they shut it down but i feel like this one's going to be safe knock on these wall of dvds that i have over here all right so this is at your fingertips sugar and spice this is a series about crafts crafts arts and crafts uh doing various types of things with different types of elements there's one about boxes there's one about cylinders and this one is is kind of interesting because it is sugar and spice all right enjoy [Music] so this icing can also be used for decoration [Music] with food coloring you can make the sugar any color you want [Music] almost any smooth hollow shape pulled the sugar [Music] do a clove makes a good bird's beak [Music] light comes through the sugar crystals and lights the inside of the egg [Music] [Music] if your mold is paper or cardboard line it with plastic so the sugar won't stick [Music] so [Music] so [Music] any sugar you add to the moist background will stick to it when both are dry and hard some parts you can shape with your fingers or a spoon [Music] whatever mold you use be sure to pack the sugar tightly and allow it to dry thoroughly before handling it [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] it's fun to make things of sugar and they are good to eat [Laughter] [Music] so [Music] [Music] you [Music] for that one um i have eaten one of those sugar eggs or at least try to eat it and it just tastes like sugar it wasn't really a big deal there wasn't any flavoring beyond just the sugar so wasn't worth it um and i'm surprised nobody talked about squid games that game uh with eating the sugar candy that's just like this kind of anyways uh let's see what do we got uh set up oh yeah so this is a great um i showed another episode of this this is kitty camera which is a um newsreel for kids and purportedly by purportedly for ported when my mouth today anyways this supposedly is by kids but it's not really obviously but it's four kids so here's kitty camera [Music] uh kitty camera takes you back to the land of dinosaurs the zoo in calgary ontario canada has a section with replicas of prehistoric monsters dinosaurs winged lizards pterodactyls and brontosauruses are everywhere in evidence [Music] one of the kids has watched so many tv westerns he's ready to pretend that he is on a [ __ ] bronco these are the very same monsters that would have struck terror in the hearts of the caveman [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] but canada's kitties just look at these awesome creatures and laughs and all of their pet dogs would like to get at this dino's bones time certainly changed [Music] and this young champ on wheels is a okay to prove it teddy gives kitty camera the okay sign [Music] [Applause] um i think i have three episodes of this that i scanned for a collector in massachusetts and i'm sure there's more and these are probably see they don't have castle films logo anywhere on them but my feeling is that this is probably something that was distributed like either through official films or for home use i don't think i don't know if this was ever shown in a theater but you know i don't know maybe uh but what i do know is this next film is about your mouth so buckle up [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] for the first six months a baby lives learns and loves almost entirely through its mouth for the next 70 years or so the mouth will be its main organ for communication and everything the body needs for growth will be taken in through it many aspects of the mouth are among the most interesting in the human body and its development from baby to adult one of the most complex as x-rays reveal at birth hidden by the gums the temporary or milk teeth are already partly formed even at this early age the minute buds of the first permanent teeth are developing deep within the jaws during the next two years the temporary front teeth erupt through the gums even as the temporary teeth are growing behind them the permanent front teeth develop [Music] around the age of six the first permanent molars breakthrough [Music] by seven the jaws seem full of teeth some of the temporary teeth are being lost and the permanent teeth pushing through to replace them by about 10 there's room for the final permanent molars to form often called the wisdom teeth twenty years of growth and a fully developed mouth jaws and teeth are arranged for life as the jaws and teeth grow so do the soft tissues the gums are the surface skin a constantly renewing surface protecting the junction between teeth and bone then the tongue two thirds in the mouth one third in the pharynx almost all muscle of the many muscles in this area the largest are for chewing they move the jaw surfacing the whole area is a profusion of nerves motor sensory and autonomic interwoven with a network of blood vessels from arteries to the finest capillaries so near the surface is the capillary network it's plainly visible through the mucous membrane and gives the mouth its pink red color the soft palate and uvula all part of a complex and perfectly evolved system the mandible or lower jaw has sideways and rotary actions as well as a powerful closing action movement made possible by a form of hinge and sliding joint between mandible and skull the front teeth are sharp to cut and tear the lips form a seal to retain both food and drink biting is voluntary chewing involves many reflex and unconscious actions the tongue maneuvers food between the molar teeth where it's crushed into small pieces ready for swallowing to swallow the tongue rises to the roof of the mouth and forces the food into the throat at normal speed the whole process of mastication and swallowing is extremely quick the mouth includes many safety devices just as a baby uses its mouth to test objects so does an adult the tongue the mucous membrane and the lips are among the most sensitive areas of the body between the ice and the coffee there is a difference of 70 degrees centigrade extremes which other skin surfaces find hard to tolerate the lips can sense temperatures accurately and tell us when they're acceptable with food too the mouth protects the body distinguishing the acceptable from the unwanted it's extremely sensitive to shape size and texture of objects and rejects them when unsuitable test this with a metal pellet of course teeth can be broken on things like this but it doesn't happen often the moment the teeth detect the ball the jaws stop closing where the tooth surfaces bit the metal the forces may be extremely high yet the teeth didn't break and the chewing stopped why the answer is not to be found at the top of the tooth the enamel almost entirely mineral has no feeling though only one or two millimeters thick it's nearly as hard as diamond beneath the protective enamel is the more sensitive dentin and beneath that the dental pulp containing blood capillaries and nerve endings but it's the periodontal membrane linking tooth and jaw bone which is the major safety device during chewing the fibers act as multiple shock absorbers [Music] it is the nerves here which transmit the main warning of excessive pressure all in all a complex and highly efficient safety system teeth are tough the hardness of enamel gives great durability his teeth formed a thousand years ago yet they've not decomposed but enamel has one weakness it can be attacked by acid it will dissolve in a concentration no greater than plain lemon juice once the surface of the enamel has been dissolved away the network of its structure is exposed and unprotected but in the mouth the dissolving action of acids like lemon juice is slowed down because of the protection given by saliva it washes and cleans and is also slightly alkaline glands at the back of the jaw and below the tongue secrete this sticky liquid which moistens the whole area each day about three quarters of a liter of saliva pours into the mouth ending up as around 600 separate swallows only during sleep the saliva flow nearly stop hard particles which might harm the body are wrapped in saliva which also lubricates the mouth and pharynx the constant flow helps wash away food debris many factors increase the rate of saliva flow merely looking at food can stimulate the flow or smelling it or even talking about it saliva is also necessary for another function of the mouth only when foods are in solution can they be tasted a dry lump of sugar is tasteless saliva starts to dissolve it taste is detected by thousands of minute taste buds those at the back of the tongue are grouped in clusters below the surface saliva with food in solution reaches them through narrow channels [Music] [Music] there are only four basic tastes sour a reaction to acids sweet bitter and salt but the way in which we identify so many different flavors is largely by our sense of smell tastes and smells are often confused but the sense of smell is much more discriminating aromas are detected at the back of the nose and what you think you're tasting you may in fact be partly smelling [Music] without sight and smell onion could be confused with apple taste when combined with smell is another device to guard the body yet the mouth is a main point of entry for microorganisms possibly millions every day there may be bacteria and their presence is natural though sometimes harmful in a healthy mouth they normally exist in a state of balance because we eat soft sticky foods rather than raw and tough foods a minute layer of saliva and food debris forms around and in between the teeth it becomes bound to the tooth surface when left undisturbed bacteria grow and after a few hours a layer called plaque forms magnifying seventeen thousand times we can see the bacteria within the plaque at first they're relatively harmless but soon the layer thickens and the bacteria flourish using sucrose from sweet foods to coat themselves in a form of glue unless clean the way the bacteria will convert this sugar into lactic acid this weakens the tooth enamel which dissolves opening the rest of the tooth to attack beneath the damaged surface the decay has already penetrated much further [Music] [Music] the unique development of the human mouth is speech it draws on the whole mouth sensitivity and dexterity palate tongue teeth and lips all work in precise coordination to mold and shape the simple sounds produced by the larynx into intelligible thank you very much this then is our mouth the channel connecting our body with the outside world with it we select the materials we need served by a delicate system of nerves blood vessels and muscles the growth of the mouth is one of the most complicated developments in the human body from first to last it's the medium through which we express our ideas and communicate our needs [Music] um here's a kind of cool transition uh so this is an x-ray of my mouth and neck um that i had done on friday because i have a pinched nerve uh which is causing me a great deal of pain uh and numbness on part of my my fingers um and anyways so i'm going to leave early because i have to go meet with the doctor to interpret these x-rays and to determine what my course of action is going to be um so thanks for joining me let me turn this on all right uh if you like what you saw you can buy us coffee at ko-fi.com av geeks you can also go to avigeeks.com buy dvds you can hit the thumbs up you can hit the like i saw a lot of new faces today on youtube and that's great i love um that fact and we do this every weekday at one o'clock eastern standard time when i'm in town and we do it live and when i'm not in town we might pre-record it or might do it remotely from somewhere else um but thanks again for tuning in thanks for your comments and your obsession with the argan comedies popping up i hope to see you again tomorrow and everybody take care bye you