A/V Geeks Lunch 11-16-2021

is fully described in the book by lewis m entitled the measurement of intelligence the examination should begin with tests that are fairly easy in order to give the child confidence before the more difficult tests are in order to make the examination curl the subject is given a range of tests between the lowest age levels show me your hair is is do you understand be sure you get it right put the key on the chair then shut the door then bring it back this is representative of the six year level there's something wrong with this thing it is not all there is left out tell me what part is left out your eyes and what is left out of this space and what is and what is left out of this picture these two paths are at the seventh year level how many fingers have you on one hand fine how many have you on the other hand fine how many have you on both hands together [Music] just right three one seven five nine three one five seven nine five now listen again and say exactly what i said four two 8 3 5 4 8 3 5 now listen again and say exactly what i say 9 8 one seven six nine eight one seven six these two tests represent reactions at the nine year level you know what a sentence is of course a sentence is some words that tell us something now i'm going to give you three words and i want you to make the appointment as all three words the three words are boy river ball now you make me a sentence it has those three words in it the voice into the ribbon fine i'll make a sentence with these three words in it work money man the men work for money fine now listen carefully i'm going to read some numbers and i want you to send them backwards for example if i should say five one four you would say four one five do you understand yes i remember be sure to say them backwards six five two eight eight two five six five the ball and field test is scored at 8 years or 12 years depending upon the child's response let us suppose that your baseball has been lost in this round field you have no idea what part of the field it is in you don't know what direction it came from how it got there or was what force it came all you know is the ball is lost somewhere in the field now i want you to take the pencil and mark out a path to show me how you would hunt for the ball so as to be sure not to miss it begin at the gate and show me what path you would take and if you hadn't found it yet where would you go next fine this test is at the 14 year level now you watch carefully what i do see i'll fold this paper this way and then i'll cut a notch out right here how many holes will it be when the paper is unfolded one i folded the paper this way and cut out a knot and there was one hole now i'm going to fold the paper again and cut out a knot and how many holes will there be when the paper is unfolded four i folded the paper this way and cut out a knot and there was one hole i folded again and there were two now i'm going to fold the paper again and cut out a knot and how many holes will there be when the paper is unfolded i folded the paper this way and i cut out a notch and there was one hole i folded again and cut out a notch and there were two holes i folded again and there were four holes now i'm going to fold the paper again and cut out a notch and how many holes will there be when the paper is unfolded six i folded the paper this way and cut out a knot and there was one hole i fold the paper again and cut out a knot and there were two holes i fold again and there were four fold it again and there were eight now i'm going to fold the paper again and cut out a knot and how many holes will there be when the paper is unfolded 16. i folded the paper this way and cut out a knot and there was one hole i fold again and there were two i folded again and there were four i folded again and there were eight i folded again and there were sixteen now i'm going to fold the paper again and cut out a notch and how many holes will there be when the paper is unfolded 32 could you give me a rule by which i could know each time just how many holes there's going to be well there are 32 boxes and 32 holes you have seen a few representative tests trying to get something set up here all right that looks a little bit better hey everybody i'm skip alzheimer welcome to the av geeks lunchtime streaming show um i didn't realize that film had sound until about halfway through so i apologize uh for that maybe you didn't even notice the uh sprocketed sound in the background the projector um anyways uh i just had a dumpster delivered and then um this mac that i used to uh stream from uh i restarted it and it was like i'm gonna install something new and it took 40 minutes to do it and so everything was a little pinched at the beginning but i appreciate you guys tuning in and uh watching some films with us because that's what we do here at av geeks is we watch some 16 millimeter films uh so behind me on the telesetting which is a machine that we use to transfer film to video and we do it live so that you can watch it let's watch a coronet film molds and how they grow enjoy [Music] in an orchard like this one where fruit is ripe and ready for picking many peel the ground these may very quickly begin to discolor and decay mold will usually be found uproot it's even seen under water this mold is one kind of fungus it's one of the principal causes of decomposition and may be found almost anywhere this fluffy colony of mold is hanging beneath the surface of the water several kinds of molds may be found on clothing such as this leather jacket they grow here using the leather for nourishment but leather is only one of the things which may furnish nourishment for molds and there are a great many varieties of molds which take advantage of these different forms of nourishment some molds may be found around a kitchen where food scraps have been left there are varieties which will quickly grow on over ripe fruit others thrive best on bread from which they take food used in growth but molds cannot grow without favorable conditions let's leave a stack of fresh bread out on a shelf to see if we can learn something about the way molds grow after a few days the outer slices still look the same but there is a mold formation on the inner slices why does the mold form here in the middle of the stack rather than on the top we get a clue from the fact that the top piece is hard and dry a laboratory demonstration may show us if moisture has any effect on the growth of mold water is added to one of two slices of bread in glass dishes the dishes are then set aside on a shelf for a few days when we return to the bread we see that the slice to which water was added is much more moldy than the other dampness seems to encourage the growth of mold but is dampness the only condition which affects the growth of molds let's do another demonstration one of the moist slices is placed in a refrigerator another is left out on a shelf at room temperature a third is placed in a warming oven after three days the bread slices look very different the one which was left in the refrigerator still seems fresh there is no visible trace of mold here the bread which was left at room temperature is moldy but the slice which was left in the warming oven is covered with mold so temperature too seems to have an effect on the growth of mold now let's look more closely at the parts of a mold even with the unaided eye we can see colors and shapes but with a microscope we begin to see the individual parts more clearly the base of the mold is made up of individual threads called hyphae a network of these threads is called a mycelium when the mold is ready to reproduce some of the threads of them rise into the air on the tips of these hyphy balls form each spore ball contains thousands of clustered spores the spores are reproductive cells when mature they will scatter into the air the spores are so light that they may remain suspended in the air for months and travel great distances in the wind spores may land and be blown up again and again until they meet conditions favorable for their growth every variety of mold produces spores but each variety has characteristic shape and color each variety produces spores which may grow and form a new colony beginning with a microscopic spec like this one a network of mycelium develops we'll watch with a time lapse camera the colony expands in every direction some hyphae rise up and form spore clusters the mold grows and reproduces now that we know something about the conditions under which molds grow and something about their structure let's prepare a mold culture and watch first we need a medium to nourish the mold we'll use rice then we need some spores which we can take from this moldy bread finally we need a place where the rice grains can stay warm and moist with a time lapse camera we can watch the mold growing on the rice let's watch again first the spores grow out to form the interwoven mycelium then as the mold matures upright hyphae with spore clusters appear the mold has taken nourishment from the rice has grown and reproduced we can also use a medium of agar on which to raise molds again with the time lapse camera we can watch as the mold spreads out over the medium once more and the stages of growth and the parts of the molds anatomy haifa helium sporable spore we can also prepare a culture on a slide here we see a single mold spore as it begins growth hyphy begin interweaving to form the mycelium in a side view we can see some hyphy begin to rise up the tips of these hyphae develop and become spore clusters on a single hypha we can see the development of individual spores in almost any part of the world mold spores begin growth whenever they reach a favorable environment some of these molds are harm many are helpful to man the effects of these molds suggest still further chapters in the story of molds and how they grow [Music] tune in again for the next exciting chapter of molds and how they grow [Laughter] so somebody said agar as opposed to agar um should i add that to the list of weird pronunciations um think about it while we watch this uh fascinating nasa short about freeze warnings [Music] [Music] most of us take it for granted that there'll be fresh fruit in the stores all winter long but citrus growers often have trouble getting oranges and grapefruits to our supermarkets during the cold season in the past few years fruit growers have spent millions of dollars trying to save their crops from winter freezes these oil heaters are used for freeze protection crews can set them up early in the evening and flames will warm the orange or grapefruit groves until morning many nights during the winter florida growers are faced with the decision whether to call out standby freeze protection crews at a cost of about thirty six thousand dollars per hour or to risk having crops ruined by an unexpected freeze but now nasa the university of florida and noaa the national oceanic and atmospheric administration are developing a system to warn growers about freezing temperatures using a computerized and more accurate means of forecasting the freeze line information from the goes-1 weather satellite is received at the ruskin national weather service station just east of tampa bay and relayed around the state alerting growers when and where to protect their groves we collect up to three hours of data from the key stations and at eight pm we enter that data into the computer at that time we will have our 8 pm satellite scene in the computer it takes a few minutes to type the data in and from that point on it's very fast the computer takes over and produces a map so by about 8 30 in the evening we can have our predicted maps for the rest of the evening okay jim here's the key station data for this hour okay soil temperatures 55.3 52.7 51.3 air temperatures 55.2 56.3 57.8 dew point is 35 this is the o2z picture yes looks like we've got mid-40s in central florida perhaps some near freezing temperatures at north central let's blow this area up north central okay yes that's the area yeah it looks like there are there are some temperatures right at 32 up in north central florida that correlates real closely with the reports you've received from growers florida has certain cloud patterns that make it conducive to satellite weather predictions a normal severe freeze for florida produces a very dry air mass over the state which eliminates any cloud cover and this is one thing that makes the system work well in florida when we have very very cold temperatures we do not have clouds obscuring the satellite data it gives us a very clear picture of the state using the satellite scene oil heaters computers and satellites working together to help citrus growers bring an abundance of winter fruit to our supermarkets [Applause] [Music] that intro uh rocks uh and somebody in the uh comments said it was made by dolphin productions um and i'm wondering if they use that really awesome um analog video computer called the scanimate to do it uh scanimate was um these giant walls of cables and um video stuff and it would basically you'd have a camera that would have a black and white image and then you could do things to animate it um it was used a lot in electric company it was used a lot in like the beginnings of different tv shows um and at one point somebody uh i guess in west virginia or somewhere in the appalachian mountains said hey i have one of these i'm looking for a home for it and i was like hmm wow that would be really fascinating i would love to get that and then i realized what a horrible idea that would be because it would take up so much space and i would have to spend so much time to figure out how to get it up and running and to do these effects and i already got a thing i already got a bunch of equipment you know um that i'm always dealing with and maintaining so i uh passed on i'm sure it went to somebody else because there's a couple of collectors who have those scanimate systems look it up it's kind of cool so part of a complete breakfast i a couple of weeks ago did a thing on found footage festivals their saturday morning cartoon show where we talked about the monster cereals and i have been kind of dubbed or knighted as their vintage cereal expert uh i think just because i'm 10 years older than them and i ate a lot of uh breakfast cereal children's breakfast cereal so one of the things uh that was kind of talked about was uh part of a complete breakfast and so you know you see that with most commercials uh for children cereal where it's like you know the cartoon whatever it does whatever then you see the bowl of cereal and it says part of a complete breakfast and it shows a bowl of cereal it shows a couple of pieces of toast it shows like orange juice and maybe a thing of milk um and basically it's saying that cereal alone is not gonna do it uh you need these other things even though it's fortified so where did that come from because it seemed like all of the cereal companies were doing that it was the serial institute that came up with that and this film it's beat up i got it on ebay but i desperately want to try to find another copy of this because it's it's pretty amazing uh it basically talks about that in the studies that they did to um basically say that that cereal cold cereal in the morning can be a complete breakfast if you augment it so here's better breakfast usa a little bit of start time here before i get started we are studying about good health and the right food the class was pleased when i told them that one of our health projects was to be a field trip to a television station where they're producing a program about nutrition many of the class had never seen a tv studio so the program the story of good foods made from cereal grains begins on the farm barley one of the earliest known grains grows mainly in the temperate regions the united states produces about half the world's corn crop principally in the corn belt states oats are grown in many states throughout the country rice is grown on coastal plains deltas and river basins in tropical and temperate regions there are many different kinds of wheat and it is raised in a wide area abundant wholesome grains are grown and harvested through hard work modern machines and skill of farmers after harvesting cereal grains are weighed grated cleaned and stored at grain elevators then they're shipped to the cereal processing plant cereal grains are constantly checked for quality purity and uniformity every stage in processing packaging and distribution of breakfast cereals is carefully controlled to maintain high quality and freshness cereals are flaked granulated puffed shredded and rolled this makes the good grain flavors available in their most convenient form appetizing breakfast cereals that taste good scientifically controlled processing based on research helps to retain the food values of grains whether whole grain enriched or restored breakfast cereals provide a wide variety of nutrients [Music] test kitchens in cereal plants are staffed with home economists who constantly develop and test recipes find new consumer uses and prepare descriptive literature they are the homemaker's representative all hot and ready to eat cereal packages are properly filled and sealed to ensure fresh flavor and wholesomeness the cereal industry has a packaging code ingredients nutrition information and net weight are clearly stated on all packages cereals are carefully packaged and shipped to be sure they reach the consumer in factory fresh form whole grain enriched or restored breakfast cereals are included in one of the four necessary food groups recommended by government nutrition experts in a daily food guide it's easy to combine foods from several essential food groups into a good basic breakfast of fruit or juice and a glass of milk could a good breakfast make a difference in your feelings your actions full work experiments were conducted at a medical college in an effort to find the answers to these and other questions three scientific tests were given over a 10-week period twice a week always between 11 a.m and noon for purposes of comparison the students being tested omitted breakfast for five weeks and for the next five weeks they ate good breakfast reaction time time to make up your mind was tested to determine how fast a correct decision could be made steadiness or neuromuscular tremor was measured work output was checked as the student rode at maximum effort for one minute results of these tests show that it's smart to eat breakfast for when breakfast was omitted the students took longer to make decisions were less steady and work output was less the cereal and milk serving contributes complete protein together with essential vitamins and minerals whether you want to gain or lose weight or stay the same eating an adequate breakfast is important the research proved scientifically that when you eat a good breakfast you're more likely during the late morning hours to work and play better to be sharper in your thinking and action you'll be calmer and steadier [Music] and have more fun and enjoyment every day good breakfast habits aid you in getting higher grades here's a basic cereal and milk breakfast it gives you about one-fourth of the food needed for the whole day fruit or juice milk bread and butter is a good basic breakfast and for variety eggs breakfast meats or other foods may be added a good breakfast is a wise choice for the whole family it gets everyone off to a good start each day well that's our health and nutrition television program better breakfasts usa our field trip gave us valuable health and nutrition information as a result of our trip the class put on its own better breakfast campaign for the whole school the students formed committees and everyone had a job one group gave short talks to the other classes on the value of a good breakfast some students did research on the meaning of restored enriched and whole grain another committee conducted a survey in the school lunchroom asking questions about breakfast habits one of the students showed a film strip about the iowa breakfast studies from our film strip library it demonstrated that when you eat a good breakfast you are sharper in your thinking in action calmer and steadier and work better especially in the late morning hours a bulletin board exhibit prepared by the class helped us review the story of cereal grains which i'm happy to say is also being reviewed every morning personally yes good health begins with good nutrition good nutrition begins with a better breakfast and cereals are part of a better breakfast [Music] it's uh it's fascinating i i would love to at some point do some sort of research project or work with somebody on a research project about the serial institute i have a couple of films from them including a mr wizard episode where mr wizard [Music] uses um magnets to look at the iron content of some cereal um and it's it's just kind of fascinating it's a because children's cereal wasn't a thing until the 50s uh and sugar sugar crisp was one of the first examples of that um one of the first big examples i think maypo started marketing to children but uh as far as the big roll out uh sugar crisp was and i've did a show with found footage festival about sugar sugar bear the evolution of sugar bear and sugar crisp and all that stuff anyways um let's learn about banking in action [Music] [Applause] [Music] some people said america great others vitality a third group pulls out for know-how and still others point to a dynamic capacity for change all of these qualities imagination vitality know-how and a dynamic capacity for change are found in abundance in the american system of modern commercial banking this system consists of state and national banks both of which are privately owned and operated working side by side this dual banking system of ours marked its first centennial in 1963 100 years after abraham lincoln signed the national currency act the 1863 law first committed the establishment of banks which received their charters from the united states federal government of course banks which received their charters from the states had existed in this country ever since the states themselves going all the way back to the days of the american revolution [Music] [Music] [Music] to some people banks are where they save their money to others where checks are paid or where consumer credit loans are obtained [Music] banks purchase municipal bonds which provide funds to build roads schools and hospitals [Music] and other vital installations for local governments local communities are also aided by the personal services of individual bank offices who contribute their time and knowledge and quite often the facilities of their banks to promote community service projects banks lend money for construction manufacturing mining and processing [Music] both in war and during peace time banks sell savings bonds for the united states government and perform the service without charge either to the government or to the purchaser of the savings bonds banks lend money to service industries which are often big business and to retail stores which are often small business practically all children see banks as the place where daddy keeps his money safe and also where they keep their own [Music] foreign [Music] foreign [Applause] [Music] so [Music] so [Music] hey [Music] foreign [Music] um [Music] bank customers of farmers needing seed and equipment to increase productivity or financing to carry them through to harvest time [Music] bank customers are businessmen seeking housing development loans [Music] or young marries who need a larger home [Music] hmm [Music] [Applause] [Music] bank customers are manufacturers seeking loans to purchase newer more productive equipment banks are used by truckers desiring larger more profitable rigs to carry bigger payloads at less cost [Music] bank offices with substantial backgrounds in finance contribute their experience for the benefit of the community in rehabilitation projects for example [Music] and in industrial areas experienced bank personnel know their local problems equally well the financial future of thousands of americans is secure because of the careful handling of family finances and trust funds set up for that purpose [Music] while bankers work constantly to expand their range of services to the public internal improvements are always in the works to speed up handling mountains of paper [Music] shorten the time lapse necessary to clear checks improve the accuracy of monthly statements while getting them out to the customer faster and free bank personnel for other kinds of banking work [Music] just as bank services and methods likewise the buildings banks occupy have evolved to accommodate their customers and to keep in step with new and different bank services [Music] [Music] some banks have even become works of art inside and out [Applause] [Music] and banks have often been both the focus and the stimulus for community redevelopment as in the case of the massive rebuilding of the wall street financial district in new york city service projects are in the banking tradition of community responsibility that has its origins deep in america's past the place frederick maryland the time july 9 1864. as confederate troops marched on washington under the leadership of lieutenant general jubal a hurley they passed through frederick in order to finance their campaign the troops levied a ransom of two hundred thousand dollars on the town in an extraordinary session the aldermen and common council adopted a resolution requesting the town's five banks to furnish the two hundred thousand dollars and to do so to quote the exact wording of the resolution quote pro-rated according to their several capitals unquote the banks responded quickly to the call and within a few hours time they provided the ransom money the ransom was paid by notes issued in the names of the individual banks which was the general banking practice of the times but the days were numbered for currency backed by individual banks at the time the national currency act was signed on february 25th 1863 there were more than 10 000 different varieties of paper money many of which were discounted in value when exchanged for gold silver or usable merchandise [Music] although the president's signing of the bill went virtually unnoticed by the newspapers of the day the national currency act became one of the most enduring of our foundations up until that time the banks in this nation were state banks many of which had a proud history of service which could be traced all the way back to revolutionary days then as now state banks received their charters to operate in accordance with the various banking laws and their operations were supervised by specially designated state authorities one of the major effects of the national currency act was to broaden the foundations of our banking system by establishing a new system of federally chartered banks and by creating the office of the controller of the currency within the treasury department for the purpose of chartering and supervising these national banks the act permitted the many important advantages of our dual commercial banking system with national and state banks working side by side thus although both state and national banks today are regulated by government agencies they are privately owned and operated and have remained a strong and vital part of the private enterprise system perhaps the most important achievement of the national currency act and subsequent legislation was to establish a national currency on a sounder basis this was accomplished by backing the new national bank notes with united states government bonds [Music] a sound currency was especially vital during the years following the civil war because the nation was expanding westward on credit with a few dollars in his pocket the farmer could move west to nebraska and stake a claim it cost 15 in six months time he has made the improvements necessary to maintain the claim assad house a four foot well and five to 20 acres of plowed land [Music] then the farmer goes to the bank and obtains a mortgage on his farm money in hand he purchases a horse a plow machinery and a wagon harness and equipment to harvest his crop then back at the bank he borrows money on his crop in advance to purchase seed on the frontier an adventuresome people demanded equally adventuresome bankers whose belief in the future often exceeded the limits of reality [Music] but the farmers were settled in the west and they were there to stay agriculture and mining in the west expanded rapidly but the cost of shipping goods long distances to market was virtually prohibited before 1850 only one railroad line had been completed between the tidewater and the great interior of the country aided by investment and commercial banks which purchased more than one billion dollars in railroad equipment bonds and provided millions more in short-term loans a 35-year period of growth in american railroading began by the turn of the century 200 000 miles of track had been welded into an efficient coordinated system [Music] the massive projects leading to the development of heavy industry gradually eased america from an agricultural economy toward an industrial economy and along with this increasing industrialization it became clear that we also needed a new type of banking institution to cope with our new credit needs we needed a central bank in 1913 50 years after the passage of the national currency act the federal reserve system was formed today it includes 12 federal reserve banks which operate exclusively in the public interest the central governing board in washington and thousands of member banks which together represent 85 percent of our total banking assets the federal reserve banks issue most of the currency we use they serve as bankers both for the government and for private commercial banks and they also influence the lending and investment policies of commercial banks by utilizing a variety of economic tools which are available to the federal reserve system the american banking system was further strengthened when congress established the federal deposit insurance corporation to ensure bank accounts up to ten thousand dollars the premiums for this insurance are paid for by the banks the fdic like other national and state agencies also conducts rigorous examinations of its member banks [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Applause] in the years just before world war one the automobile industry became concentrated in detroit partly because of the foresight of the local banks and their willingness to extend financing to the fast-growing youngster [Music] increased competition combined with the growing number of cars required independent dealers to go to commercial banks to finance their inventories [Music] later on banks became major suppliers of consumer credit in turn this led to the other forms of consumer financing which identify the greatly expanded range of personal services in these modern department stores of fnats [Music] my [Music] during the period from 1863 to 1963 our commercial banking system successfully adapted itself to the changing needs of our dynamic economic system the predictions that were made 100 years ago have generally been far too conservative nobody can predict what the american scene will look like 100 years from today but we can be sure of this central fact the american commercial banking system will be a part of that scene bankers will be meeting the credit needs of our nation during the next hundred years regardless of the changes this new century may bring [Music] thank you american banker association uh that little uh uh montage of the uh the couple it was i i love stuff like that that kind of 60s montage of this is what we do in our lives and see how banking interfaces with that um thanks everybody for tuning in today i actually have a conference call with the encyclopedia britannica like right nowish that i need to go to uh so if you like what you saw buy me some coffee we love coffee go to avgeeks.com and hit the the thumbs up or the like button or something say that you like what we do sometimes it helps caffeine and and seeing that people like us those are the things that we like so everybody have a great rest of your day and we'll be back again tomorrow take care seven six five four three