A/V Geeks Lunch 10-5

Hello everybody. I'm Skip Alzheimer. Welcome to the AV Geeks Lunchtime streaming show. Um, that was Hog Raising. I It's an older film that was silent. Uh, and I apologize, the uh text got blocked for some reason. Uh anyways, um I had to kind of quickly scan it to see how detailed I got into the transition of raising the pigs, rounding up the pigs, putting them in a truck, and like what's the next step? And um some films would show it and uh this one just went to our dinner table and showed us delicious ham. So um I'll try not to show you where ham comes from. Um, even though I know I I was brought up on a farm, so I know where what happens to animals and what you have to do to get them uh on your dinner table. Uh, let's see. Uh, welcome back Facebook. Um, kind I missed you individuals, the people who watch me on Facebook, but I didn't miss Facebook itself. And I would love to have an alternative um, to get away from that uh, horrible company. Now, who can bring MySpace back? What do you think? Or uh Frenster. Man, Fster would be great. Frenster 2.0. I would love that. Um anyhow, I've got a film set up on the Telescini that I have not seen. Uh it's called Antimatter and it looks to be uh animated. Um so here we go. Enjoy. Once there was a time when man believed that the earth and himself were the center of all creation. a cozy point of view and quite reasonable to the average man watching the stars and planets wheel across the heavens. But one man, a Polish astronomer named Copernicus, proved mathematically that appearances can be deceiving. It took a while for the world to accept that and since then man has come to rely more and more on modern science to reveal the nature of the universe. Yet it is still possible to be deceived by appearances. Today's scientists think that there might be something radically different about half the stars in the universe. A difference impossible for a man to observe by looking up at a night sky. And even with advanced scientific equipment, it would be difficult to detect this difference in a star or one of its planets. There is, however, one sure way to tell. Should anything from our world come too close to one of these different stars, it would be instantly annihilated. Then he would know the difference. [Music] This different world is made of antimatter. [Music] matter. All things on Earth are composed of matter. To understand what matter is composed of, we must penetrate the microscopic through the cells and the molecules until we come to the atom. The atom has a nucleus of protons and neutrons. In orbitals around the nucleus are electrons. Protons carry a positive charge and electrons a negative charge. Neutrons are neutral carrying no charge. All matter is composed of these particles and charges. But some scientists were puzzled. They wondered why the nucleus should always be positively charged and the smaller electrons always negatively charged. Could there exist an atom where these charges were reversed? The name coined for this reversed matter was antimatter. The existence of antimatter was predicted by mathematical calculations in 1930. [Music] 2 years later in the cosmic rays from outer space, the first piece of antimatter was discovered. As cosmic rays bombarded a cloud chamber in a magnetic field, a photograph was taken showing tracks of the formation of two particles. One was an electron carrying the expected negative charge. The other looked like an electron except it spiraled in the opposite direction. indicating a positively charged electron. It was named the posetron. This was antimatter. Then in 1955, the anti-roton was found. The anti-roton was created in a particle accelerator, better known as an atom smasher. First, a proton was accelerated in a magnetic field, thus given energy. The proton was then smashed against another proton, releasing the energy. [Music] This energy was instantly transformed into two more particles. A proton positively charged and the anti-roton negatively charged. Soon afterwards, an anti-neutron was discovered. So now there are anti-electrons, anti-rotons, and anti-neutrons. all the ingredients necessary to form anti-atoms which could form anti molecules, anti- cells, [Music] a world made of antimatter. But the fact is no antimatter exists on Earth. Within a fraction of a second, the created particle of antimatter will collide with a particle of matter. The two particles are then annihilated, turning back into energy. If a piece of antimatter the size of a baseball came in contact with the earth, it would release the energy of an atomic bomb. [Music] It is conceivable that whenever a particle of matter is formed from the energy of the universe, its twin antimatter is also formed. [Music] Conglomerations of these particles could then form stars of matter [Music] and stars of antimatter and possibly galaxies and antimatter galaxies. What if an inhabitant anti-lanet were found? Both science fiction writers and physicists have speculated about what might be found in such a world. One of the more intriguing ideas suggested is the concept of reversed time. Anti-time [Music] But even physicists are finding it difficult to understand what it means for time to go backwards. Mathematically it works but physically it is close to impossible to conceive. Anyway, we could never visit such a world for without a doubt we would be annihilated. [Music] But although we can't go there, perhaps antimatter could come to us. In 198, a meteor fell in Siberia, witnessed by Tonguscan farmers. The explosion was large enough to burn and flatten trees in an area 32 mi across. From the magnitude of the explosion, investigators calculated that the meteor must have been gigantic. They searched for the fragments and remains that such a meteor would leave behind, but no trace of meteoritic material was ever found. Some have since suggested that the Tungusan meteor was made of antimatter. Until now, the existence of antimatter has been used primarily to help understand the nature of the universe and to explain strange phenomena such as the Tongaskkan meteor. But in the future, perhaps antimatter could have more practical uses. [Music] Consider the possibility of exchanging garbage with an anti-world. Not only would we rid ourselves of unwanted refues, but we could derive a great amount of energy from the controlled annihilation of their anti-garbage. A source of clean, pollutionfree energy. [Music] [Music] [Music] Carl Sean was narrating it. Would you guys be more excited? Um, I uh I kind of liked it. It was uh kind of more down to earth and uh interesting thing about antimatter. I mean, antimatter comes up and it's always about like an antimatter version of you that you're interacting with who is like the evil version of you or the good version of you if you're evil. um that seems to come up a lot um in science fiction, but I kind of like it. I uh put a link to um Wikipedia entry about antimatter that talks about kind of the current research and what they've done as far as making uh antimatter uh um materials particles. Um, oh yeah, and somebody pointed out there was some that was had a green scratch and that's what we call an emulsion scratch. And that's basically somebody didn't clean the projector or it was rubbing against something that a roller that wasn't moving. It was building up particles and it was just scratching the actual color information off the film. When we see black scratches, generally that's on the base side and that m that's basically a shadow. the light's hitting it and it's creating this shadow. Uh, but the green and the white emulsion and that that can't come back and it's harder to fix. So, there you go. Um, so we're going to watch another science film. And I say that it's science because it's the Moody Institute of Science. So, it is it has science uh trappings to it. But um at some point it's going to veer off and talk about God um and maybe not talk about science. Uh this one also suffers some some damage. It's it's what we call water damage where basically the beginning of the print there was some water or some moisture and it what it did is the emulsion kind of came off of it and stuck to the back of the base that was stuck to it. So, it's beautiful and it's uh sad and un I just saw in the comments, no, unfortunately, Dr. Irwin Moon is not in this one. This is somebody else. Um, so they did have other people that were hosting these. So, this is glass eyes that see. Enjoy. [Music] Hello there. Welcome to the Moody Institute of Science. Within these halls, we attempt to answer some of the mysteries of creation in the realm of physics, chemistry, biology, and many related sciences. We have been permitted to view the handiwork of the creator. We have so very many things to show you and so little time in which to do it. We shall have to leave many things for another time. But for now, let's investigate some of the facts concerning light. A very illuminating subject, by the way, and in some instances rather amusing. For example, I wonder how many of you realize the lights in your home are going on and off 120 times a second. Your eyes cannot see the separate flashes, but I have a glass eye that can. Can you tell which one it is? It's this one. We call it a photo cell. An electric eye that can see a great many things the human eye misses altogether. I have a photo cell identical to this one mounted inside this instrument. It's connected to the amplifier and whatever the photo cell sees will be converted into sound and you'll hear it on a loudspeaker. Let's take a look at this ordinary household lamp. [Music] What you were hearing was the light going on and off 120 times a second. That's because we have 60 cycle alternating current. The flashlight does not produce any sound because it has a battery direct current source of energy that keeps the tiny filament incandescent all the time. Whenever I interrupt the beam by some mechanical means, sound is heard. Listen. Or with a comb, I can saw the light into little pieces. What you were hearing was light sawdust. This comb happens to have tenor teeth and bass teeth. Here are the tenor teeth and the bass. [Music] Now, anyone can see that by going fast enough for the high notes and slow enough for the low notes, I should be able to play a little tune. Would you like to hear me play Yankee Doodle on the comb? I was afraid you would. I can't do it. Maybe this will help. It's a metal disc with a number of holes carefully arranged in its surface. As I spin the disc and shine the light in back of it, the light is interrupted in a precise pattern. Listen. [Music] [Music] Here [Music] is another light source that is apparently on all the time. Actually, it's off more than it is on at this moment. that it is flashing 3,500 times per minute. The duration of each flash is only 50 millionth of a second. That means if I were to leave the lamp on for 5 minutes, it would only be illuminated a total of 1 second. The dial on the side permits me to control the flashing rate of the light. You will notice a variation in sound as I vary the speed. The [Music] Why does the eye receive the impression that the light is on all the time and yet that photo cell never misses a flicker? It's because of a phenomena called persistence of vision. That is an image received on the retina of the eye is retained for approximately a tenth of a second before it fades away. One flash every 10th second is sufficient to keep the retina activated all the time. How does the photo cell function? In simplest terms, it's this. According to one of the theories, light is composed of particles inconceivably small traveling at tremendous velocities. When they strike the photo cell, a few electrons are knocked off producing a feeble current of electricity. That tiny current may be amplified to perform a number of interesting functions. Perhaps this will give us a more graphic concept of the energy involved in life. This is a glass envelope from which the air has been highly exhausted. The tiny paddle wheel inside is mounted on a jeweled pivot. I'm holding the instrument on its side to prevent the paddle wheel from turning. In an upright position, its silvered veins are free to rotate as light illuminating the laboratory strikes them. The things we're learning today about the particles that composed the world in which we live are causing men of science to stand in awe of the creator who brought them into existence. As Dr. Arthur H. Compton, Nobel Prize winner in the field of physics stated concerning the tiny world of the atom. A god who can control a universe like that is mighty beyond comprehension. Now, the photo cell has many practical applications from opening closing doors to counting and sorting beans. This is not exactly on the practical side, but at least it demonstrates what we're talking about. Now, anyone can light a lamp with a match, but with only two tons of equipment, we can put the lights out with a match. This might be what you would call blowing the lights on. This instrument accomplishes the seemingly impossible. It translates music, the human voice, any sound into a modulated beam of light. It employs another brainchild of this fabulous 20th century. a faximile tube originally designed for the reproduction of photographs by radio. It has a tiny incandescent crater in its heart that may be turned off and on over a million times a minute. That spot of light is projecting the music of an entire orchestra right into your eye. Naturally, you cannot see or hear anything. But let's let the glass eye take a look. [Music] The music you now hear is being picked up from a tape recorder, modulated on a beam of light, projected across the room at 186,000 m/s into the photoelectric cell and immediately reconverted into sound. That beam of light is in front of me now, but I can either see it, taste it, touch it, or feel it. But look, my hand blocks the light and stops the music. At every position between these two instruments, that invisible beam of light is carrying a message of music. Would you like a handful of music? Any dense object will produce the same effect. Somehow I could never get it through my head. Now then, instead of a tape recorder, I would use a microphone and project my voice across the room on a beam of light. I understand the military has a similar instrument for secret communication between ships at sea. Only those directly on the beam of light can hear what is being said. The important thing is this. At this very moment, there is an invisible intangible link between my voice and your ear. If I block that link, you will not hear my voice. 1 2 5 6 9 10. Well, that's as far as I can count. But by this time, you have the idea. Seriously, perhaps some do not fully understand how it was possible for me to project my voice across the room on nothing more than a soundless beam of light. Well, to be perfectly frank about it, there are things about it that I don't understand. There are principles involved that no one understands. For example, we know how sound is propagated through space. But how does light go? Sound travels approximately 1100 ft per second at sea level. But light travels 186,000 miles per second. But how? By what means? Through what medium? No one knows. Dr. Willis R. Whitney, former director of research at General Electric, was asked for a definition of the propagation of light. He said, "Gentlemen, to the best of my knowledge, light goes by the will of God." He went on to say, "No one today can give a more precise answer." We have the corpuscular theory, the wave theory and now the quantum theory. But at best they are but educated guesses. Mystery or this old universe is fairly bursting with unanswered questions. You know, one of the interesting things for me to discover among men of science is that the great question of our day is not is there a God, but how is it possible that man can communicate with the creator on a beam of light? I'm afraid I don't know. I can tell you no better than how light goes, but I know it's real. Men in all walks of life have demonstrated it. Humble men of science have been men of prayer. Lord Kelvin, Hershel Bacon, the prince of them all, Sir Isaac Newton, who formulated the laws of motion, invented calculus, discovered the law of inverse squares, himself declared, "All my discoveries have been made an answer to prayer." Mystery of mystery. Man communicating with his maker. A personal God that yet today counsels his sons in the words of John. This is the message we have heard of him and declare unto you that God is light and in him is no darkness at all. If we walk in the light as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another. And the blood of Jesus Christ, his son, cleanseth us from all sin. Um, that's a sermons from science. And so that's a little bit different than some of the other uh Moody Institute of Science films that I've shown. Uh, in that that one wasn't really intended for classrooms, like general classrooms. Um it the this is how this whole thing got started is Irwin Moon before who is associated with Moody um he was doing his sermons from science and he what he would do is he would travel around to different churches and events and he would do some sort of science thing that was visually interesting and stimulating to to people that were interested in science. Uh then he would bust out the Bible and it would be a straightup sermon very similar to what we just saw. Um and the fact that he mentioned Jesus tells me that this is definitely a sermon from science. When they um started editing the films for distribution to schools, they talked about God still. They talked about creator. They talked about creation, but they didn't talk about Jesus because they didn't want to offend um uh the Jews. Basically, they're like, "But what kind of common thing can we talk about about God and not offend the three major religions in the United States that are on school boards, basically Protestants, Catholics, and uh Jews." So, um that's how I know that that's not um one of the educational films that it's it's more of general, but uh it's it's these films are so good because they show these really interesting science concepts, but then when it's like, well, how does this work? Oh, it's God, you know, and then they quote like, oh, this person was a valued scientist and what did he say? It's God. like they don't even they talk about the theories but they're like you know what but nobody knows and so uh even though at that time in the in the mid50s yeah there were some pretty good theories about it and about how light worked and all that stuff and but no it's God um so that's like I said that's your departure with Booty Institute of Science. We love those guys. All right, we got another uh film set up. Uh like I've been trying to do is uh actually pull films from the stacks of films that I have in the back and watch ones that we haven't seen before. So I didn't I've never seen the antimatter film before and this one I have not seen as well. It's called Let's Learn. Uh I just watched the first couple of seconds of it. I'm just going to go ahead and say there is a clown in it. So get ready all you people that are clown averse. Um, be ready for it. Enjoy. Magic can be learned. The secret is knowing where and how to begin. [Applause] [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music] Your lifelong goal may be to create the world's greatest music. Or it may be to make others laugh. Maybe it's something practical and down to earth. Perhaps a hobby that's satisfying. Or maybe it's an ongoing interest in whatever you do. Whatever it is, adults of all ages are discovering that learning is a lifelong proposition. And like magic, learning can be exciting and rewarding. Today, the opportunities for learning are infinite. Just look around you. The alternatives have become so numerous and varied that sometimes finding the right thing can be overwhelming. [Music] Did you know you can get credit for work and life's experience and earn a college degree without ever going to a classroom? But how does a person go about getting an education outside the traditional structure? Where does he or she begin? The public library has initiated the adult independent learner program to help you get that information. It's even gone a step further. Whatever your learning goal may be, a degree, a new job, or just pleasure, a librarian advisor can help you set up a learning program that suits your particular needs and learning style. It may be a workshop offered in your community, an external degree program. the resources of the library itself or a combination of all. It depends upon your learning goal and how you want to get there. At the state library in Albany, Dorothy Smith, associate in library services, has seen the program's growth. The adult independent learner program really was not just created and as a matter of fact it grew up in response to a need. Uh it's natural that the library should be able to supply information about educational opportunities. And as we got into urging the public libraries to do what they could to support the region's external degree students, it became apparent that there were other adults who needed help in designing and carrying out learning activities. and the program grew from that. The public libraries have always had services for adults. What we're trying to do through the adult independent learner program is to focus those adult services, particularly on the information and educational programs that adults need. In this day and age, it is not possible to give up learning even if you would like to. Lifelong learning is a way of life. Through the adult independent learner program, we are trying to meet those needs for learning. One of the most positive things that I can think of is a new awareness and attitude on the part of many librarians in particular. They're getting a a new degree of satisfaction out of the work that they are doing with adult learners. And I'm happy to say that I think there's some kind of activity of this sort in every public library system in the state. Certainly, there's an enormous interest. I think we're doing a better job to help adults because of this focus on adult learning. Um probably a better job than we've ever done before and the program's just evolving. Uh we're just getting started. There's a lot more yet to be done. I think we're typical of the average small town public library where the independent learner is just one of a whole series of patrons each of them with his own particular need. Uh my role in working with the independent learner is to know him as an individual and to um tie him in with the materials that are available locally and the resources that I can send him to. Marian Dumond, director, Ellenville Public Library, talks about what librarians are learning from the adult independent learner program. The most important thing in a training in the the whole training program was to not judge to never determine the person's goals for him. To be um understanding and supportive is only part of the training. A librarian has to be aware of all of the possibilities that exist, especially in his or her own community. I think the training program has helped librarians feel more comfortable with all of their patrons. The other thing it's done for us has been to build our feeling of interdependency because it's a a real togetherness project. We're all working together to help the independent learner. The biggest point is to let him know that you're here to help him succeed and that the big success is a series of small ones. An individual's work and life's experience is an important aspect of lifelong learning. Knowledge and skills acquired on the job can be evaluated for academic credit. Dick Deepas of the State University of New York independent study program coordinated by Empire State College. One of the major differences between the Empire State and the traditional college is we give credit for life experience which is the equivalent of having taken some college courses. It may have been a housewife who was very active in community activities. It may have been that he worked as an accountant for General Electric for a number of years. All of this would be then evaluated by the college. In terms of students reaching their degree goals, I feel that Empire State College has been very successful. They've graduated, improved their own status, changed their jobs, gone on to graduate schools. The Empire program is providing something that's been desperately needed for a long time. A place for a person who has been prevented from getting an education in the traditional sense. [Music] [Applause] A productive life is something we all strive for. Being involved in a meaningful occupation is half the battle of living. Have you thought about your career or life's work recently? Is it rewarding? Does it provide you with an adequate living? Or are you looking for alternatives? If you don't know what possibilities exist, the public library does. It can lay out all the educational alternatives open to you. Sometimes a degree can make the difference. The region's external degree program offers several degrees. Among them, the Bachelor of Science in Nursing. Like the Empire State program, flexibility is the key. Its purpose is to serve many individuals with varying needs. Seeking new alternatives can improve and enrich the quality of life. It's part of lifelong learning. But the adult independent learner program isn't for learners with degree goals only. [Music] The adult independent learner program can help you improve old skills and learn new ones, too. Today's job market may be unpredictable, but the public library has simplified job hunting by creating job information centers throughout the state. The job information center is not an employment agency, but as an offshoot of the adult independent learner program, it does bring together in one place up-to-date information about available jobs, how to plan a career or job change, how to write a resume, how to prepare for an interview. The job information center can provide you with the latest information on how and where to look for a job. Independent learning can take place anywhere thanks to the network of library systems in this state. Without it, the adult independent learner program could not function. This independent learner is engaged in scholarly research on an ancient civilization. Despite the isolation of her community, the research project progresses without difficulty. Through her library, this learner has access to highly specialized materials not available locally. As a member of the Ramapo Catskill Library System, one of 22 public library systems in New York State, this small library has a lot more to offer than you may think. [Music] Once a day, an RCLS delivery van picks up and delivers special requests for books, films, and other materials to its 45 member libraries. At system headquarters in Middletown, Alfred Floyd, RCLS director, talks about the advantages of centralized cooperation. By pooling their resources, our members have available to them over 1 million books. As a system we can afford materials and services that individual members could not. System headquarters is basically a service center. In addition, we serve as the hub of the regional interl loan network and the terminal for the state and national interloone networks. In the end, it's cost-effective and helps us to provide better library service so that everyone benefits. Joan Kefir, RCLS. When a book request comes into RCLS headquarters from one of our member libraries, first we check in the union catalog, which is a listing of all the books which our libraries own. And if there is a listing there, we would send the request directly to that library. If we don't have a holding for that book, we would send the request on by teletype to Southeastern's bibliographic center in News and they would check with their libraries which are academic, hospital, business and other special libraries. If they can't locate the book, they would let us know by teletype and we would send the request on to the state library in Albany. The state library housed is fully equipped with an up-to-date computer system to expedite the volume of requests received and to maintain a nearly 50% fill rate. Bob Vines network services. Usually the the type of requests that we cannot fill here at the state library are for highly specialized materials. And in order to fill such a request, we have contracted with 13 other major libraries which have specific subject responsibilities. Such prestigious institutions as the New York Public Library, the Natural History Museum, uh Union Theological Seminary, Just a few examples. Um take this request from our CLS uh for uh for Manoan Civilization. Um, if we cannot fill this request here at the state library, our computer forwards this request, in this case to Columbia University through the New York State interl loan network, local libraries have access to specialized materials. With the search over, our learner is able to continue her research. [Music] Library services of all levels are cooperating to make the adult independent learner program a working reality. Joseph Schubert, state librarian and assistant commissioner of education. The board of regents is enthusiastic about the adult independent learner program. Well, the library Whether you're playing or watching football in action, you cannot help. Wow, OBS just crashed. That was crazy. Whether you're playing or watching football in action, you cannot help but realize that this is a rough and tumble sport with many chances of injuries and yet they can be minimized. As a player, there are certain preparatory steps that you can take to make it a lot safer game. And the same is true of many sports. In these scenes of the Pittsburgh Steelers in action in a regular season game, you can see the charging power of the players and the hazards of the action. But today, in the public interest, Blue Cross of Western Pennsylvania presents this film, which will show you three big steps to be taken to make it a much safer game at school and college levels. So, let's visit the Steelers as we join them in a try for a first down for safety. With us today is coach Bill Austin of the Pittsburgh Steelers to talk about the big steps in a first down for safety. The proper physical conditioning, a knowledge of the basic football skills, and the use of proper equipment. First of all, Coach Austin, how important is proper physical conditioning? Physical conditioning is highly important in football. It is a game of moving on your feet and if you are unable to move on your feet then you will not be a good football player. Well, now your uh professional football players, you've got to expect them to be in condition, but how about high school and and amateurs? Uh do they go through a more rigorous thing? What would you recommend for them? Well, I think the importance of the high school athlete, the amateur athlete to be in shape to play is just as important as it is in our business. Uh we find that people that aren't in shape tend to get injured much more readily than the person that is in shape. He is not able to do the things properly because he cannot move to do them properly. Now, I know you have a what is a rigorous schedule that a stealer goes through anyway, even though he's in condition. What is an average day like as far as getting in condition and keeping condition? Well, we start our practice sessions out running and we end our practice sessions running. Uh we go through a rigorous uh calisthenics. Some people do calisthenics for loosening up exercise. We call our calisthenics conditioning calisthenics such as grass drill and various other forms of conditioning exercises in the calisthenics part of it. Push-ups and things like that. Push-ups, sit-ups. Uh we have a good one we call grass drill where you're running in place and the coach says up down up down and you hit the deck hit the belly bounce up and running in place and on and deck down uh on the ground several several times. The question comes to mind now the average high school student and amateur athlete all winter long is watching television or studying uh and he has much less of this physical conditioning. Is there something they should be doing all year round? They should be doing some sort of physical exercise all year round. We find that uh people who do exercise are much more alert people most of the time. What would you prescribe? I mean what would be a minimal thing that they should do? Well, we find that handball, volleyball, tennis, swimming or any form of athletics uh in that manner will keep a person alert and mentally fit. Certain amount of walking and running every day. Walking and running, jogging is excellent. And I guess this would hold true even for older people. I mean, if you want to really keep and trim all through life, I think so. I I myself uh try to do some some type of exercise two or three times a week. Coach Austin, I've heard about the Exageni. Could you tell us about that and what it does and how you use it? The Exeni is an inexpensive uh piece of apparatus. It was developed by somebody in the west coast that uh is a combination of isometrics and weightlifting at the same time. Uh I believe in in weightlifting and uh it's it's much more than isometrics is a machine that the rope goes through and you can adjust adjust the machine uh rope goes one side and comes out the other side and you can just adjust the pressure. Uh there's all different types of uh exercises you can do with the machine and uh I think so highly of it that I bought my wife one and she she daily uses it. You have uh suggested many things that we might do in training. Uh the conditioning for the average high school student, hard conditioning starts around the middle of August. Uh what about earlier in the year? What could he be doing to be getting in shape? Well, the basic thing I think he can do to get in shape is run. Jog, jog hard for jog for a while, run 100 yards hard for a while, jog again, run 200 yards, and keep building yourself up to 4 or 500 yard sprints. Uh, in professional football, the Steelers, uh, we do a lot of 20 yard hard running sprints to keep the boys in shape and get them in shape. We find that the long the real long long sprints such as the mile uh although al although they are good we think that quickness is the greatest advantage that we have. We do many many 20-yard uh sprints. Are there any exercises that develop alertness in the use of hands and and and leg aside from running? We do a form of agility drills uh during training camp. We had these agility drills in the morning and the pad work in the afternoon. Now uh in this period of the year we do the agility drills uh on Tuesday morning and we find that these drills drills are all for quickness and conditioning. What's in the agility drill? Oh such as a uh we have a high knee action drill uh that the players lift their knees high directed by a coach and on the word go then they sprint for seven yards afterward. On the way back, uh they do they face the opposite direction of the coach and on the let the knee action high and then they are told to turn and go and they come out sprinting. Uh we have another one called the wave drill where they're not crossing the feet. They're giving directions going back and forth and then they come out of the drill on a run. Uh we have another one called the crab. We're on all fours. They go left, right, left, right, forward, backwards, and at the command they come out sprinting. Uh we have another one we call karaoka where it's a sideward drill. You step out with one foot, another foot goes behind, step out again, another foot goes in front. We think this is a good good for agility. Everything you suggest is a combination of arms and hands and thinking and I guess everything else is it not? Well, that's right. We feel that uh that the arms and legs are interconnected and the faster we can move the arms, the faster the legs go. Moving aside from conditioning which seems vitally important in football, I want to talk to you about the importance of the knowledge of the basic skills of football. I think this is especially true of the amateur whether he be a player or a watcher. Let's talk first of all about tackling. What's the proper way to make a tackle? Well, we think the proper way to make a tackle is to drive your shoulder through the opponent with your head up. It's been proven that uh you cannot injure your neck with your head up. The only time you can injure the neck is when you block or tackle with your head down. And that's because it's forced down further if you hit him. That's right. Uh you can you'll never I won't say never, but you can very seldom injure your neck by going back. You can't injure it by the with the head going down. So we try to teach the head up. After all, you have to see the opponent. So that's the basic skill of uh in tackling. You talk about going through with the shoulder. Uh how do you mean going through? Is that a mental way of thinking that you're going to drive all the way through? Well, we think if you keep your shoulder square and you drive your shoulder through the through the uh into the opponent's midsection, we'll say, and you try to drive your shoulder right through the midsection and drive through with your feet. And we feel that uh it's a much better way to tackle, a much sher way, and again, less injury. Let's look at that a moment. And while we do, let me ask you to briefly summarize what you've just told me, how to correctly make a tackle. Because you, I think, have hit on two points, the head up and going through with the shoulder. Is that right? That's right. Uh we think if you drive through the opponent with a head up then uh you'll make a much more sure tackle plus you've lessen a chance for injury. I think it might be interesting too, Coach Austin, to look again at this in slow motion because I know many people get more out of it seeing it in slow motion. And while we're looking at a tackle made properly in slow motion, let's talk again about some of the don'ts. What are some of the things not to do when you make a tackle? You said don't keep your head down because you might snap your head forward and get hurt. What else should you watch out for? You should watch out for a rounded back. You should always keep your back straight and level and driving through your opponent. If your head goes down, then the back is usually round. Um, and movement of the legs and follow through with the tackle. Deliver the blow instead of receive the blow. Is this not like learning to lift a weight properly? In other words, you keep your back straight and you use your legs to do the lifting in that case. And here you're suggesting straight back and hard drive with legs, right? That's very true. There's a proper way to uh if you lift weights properly, uh you can't injure yourself if you uh don't use the proper technique and there is possibility of injury. Now, let's get on to another basic skill of football that's important to know how to block properly. Well, again, we think the importance of the head being up lessens the chance for injury. Also, the head being up that we can strike our opponent. Uh unlike some people, we teach to strike the opponent with the with the forehead. Uh we think that that is the proper way. Uh and also with the nose guard, uh there's no chance for injury uh in the face. Uh we think no opponent in football stands still unless you hit them. If you aim the head for the belly and they take a position to the right, then you'll pick them up on the right shoulder. Isn't this a little hard in the neck sometimes? No, but then we uh we don't feel it's hard in the neck uh if you keep your head up. Uh we also have various exercises to strengthen the neck uh so a person won't injure the neck. What type of exercise do you have for that? Well, such as the old wrestlers bridge where you're lying on the uh on your back. A lot of players think it's silly, but there is a purpose for it. Uh and the coach knows the purpose and he asks players to do the wrestler's bridge. Now, one other basic spill I'd like to talk about. How about faking? This must be a big thing in pro football and I'm sure it would be for amateurs to do it properly. Well, faking uh is is an art. Uh a lot of plays are designed uh and are successful because somebody has faked with the ball. U you have to be somewhat of a good actor to be a good faker and go full speed. Good fakers in football will be tackled by the opponents. And if they're tackled, if he is tackled by the opponent, then the man with the ball carrier that's carrying the ball usually makes yards for you. And are there any tricks, any little things that you ought to bear in mind if you're trying to fake? Not so much. Uh, no tricks. Just run hard and keep your head up and uh and know where you're going and know why you're doing that. Another basic skill important to know about is how to cut properly. Any thoughts on that? Well, one thing in cutting is uh the use of the high knee action and bringing one leg over another or planting a foot and cutting back to the inside, dropping the shoulder when you cut. Uh if you drop the shoulder and you and while you're cutting and if you're hit at the moment of cutting uh with a lowered shoulder again, you lessen chance for injury. Coach Austin, we've talked about two of the steps in a first down for safety, the proper physical condition, the basic knowledge of proper football skills. Now, let's talk about proper equipment. How important is the use of proper equipment? You think that we have to have the best equipment available? Um, everyone should have the best equipment to play the game of football. Now, let's talk about amateur players in high school and the like. What specifically should they use? Well, they number one, they should have a proper head gear and a nose guard if possible. Uh mouth guard, uh excellent shoulder pads and excellent hip hip pads. Many people try to play the game of football without hip pads and and thigh pads and uh in the end they're sorry because they get injured without when they don't use them. How about a pickle or something? Is it important to have any equipment in that? I think uh more so important that they have equipment. uh and these pickup games uh off field activities like that they uh there is a great chance for injury. So I think it's very important that they have good equipment. You mentioned uh mouthpieces as used by high school players in particular. I know they're not used by the pros, but why are they important to high school players have mouthpieces? Well, uh quite often they do get a jar in the head. uh they uh I don't believe the teeth are quite as strong as the uh as a professional football player. We do have a lot of professional football players wear them. We do not require it, but I think it's uh very beneficial uh and wise that the schools require the high schools to wear mouthpieces. Coach Austin, football equipment has changed a lot in the last few years. And why is that? Uh it has not changed as far as the protective part of it. Uh it always has been good and protection. Uh the thing that has changed is the weight of it. Uh they're doing things with the new materials out today uh that they didn't think they could do before and they're making the player uh lighter with his full gear than they they were in the past. Do you have any suggestions about even further changes that might be helpful? No. of just uh the research that's going on uh in the game uh trying to make the the equipment lighter and still just as as protected. Coach Austin, I want to thank you very much and again wish the Steelers a lot of success. Thank you for helping us out on the subject of proper conditioning on the subject of knowing the basic skills of playing football and also the use of proper equipment in winding up this filter in a minute. So, don't touch anything. Okay. [Music] Hey, get down from there now. [Music] Hey, turn it over. What if it bumped that control by accident? You'd be mince meat by now. What have I told you? You don't work on equipment when the engine's running. Well, I told him not to touch anything. All right, I guess I wasn't thinking. You weren't thinking? You mean you'll work on engines and machinery and not think of your own personal safety? Here. Shake hands with danger. Shake hands with danger. Meet a man you ought to know. I used to laugh at safety. Now they call me Three Finger Joe. [Music] I was young and feisty. Never did things by the book. Just let me get my toolbox and I'll take myself a look. I climbed up on a dozier with my mechanic's pride. Said you can keep it running, friend, while I poke around inside. Shake hands with danger. Meet a guy you ought to know. I used to laugh at safety. Now they call me Three Fingered Joe. Although I learned a lesson, I forgot it soon enough. The nicks and burns and scratches showed the young ones I was tough. Till another morning, I was grinding on some steel. My other hand got chaos and fed my skin into the wheel. Shake hands with danger. Step right up and say hello. Grinding wheels and metal are what made me real three fingered jail. [Music] I've seen mechanics burning and I've seen them take a fall just to save themselves a minute. I've seen them lose it all. I've watched them courting trouble, seen them take a chance and lose. They get careless for a moment and spend a lifetime with the blues. Shake hands. [Music] [Applause] [Music] She can't with danger. [Music] She hands with danger inside. [Music] She hands with danger inside. [Music] She hands with danger around [Music] danger inside. [Music] She has a danger inside. [Music] She can't danger around inside. She can't danger around inside. [Music] Shake hands with danger and some friends I used to know. Compared to them, I'm lucky to be just three finger Joe. [Laughter] I'm hitting the mute button and hopefully it won't crash. OBS, that was weird. Uh, thanks for holding on. Uh happy that I was able to get it back up and not lose the stream. Um anyways, so that was the dance remix of Shake Hands with Danger uh done uh by uh Scott Phillips, who's a local songwriter, singer, teacher. Uh and um this song is basically a year old. This was commissioned by my wife for my birthday and tomorrow's my birthday. So there you go. Uh, thanks everybody for tuning in. Uh, very much appreciate it. If you like what you saw, you can buy some coffee uh at buy me a coffeeop.coms. Uh, caffeine is a wonderful way to say that you love me. Um, you can also buy DVDs and watch other shows that we've done in the past at www.avgeeks.com. You can hit the like button, which is a great way to say that you like what we do in the subscribe button and get notifications and all that stuff. Um, thanks again. We will be back again tomorrow even though it is my birthday and uh because I love spending with you guys. I love doing this. This is what I like to do. Um, people were like, "Why are you working on your birthday?" I'm like, "This doesn't work. I love this." So, there you go. Uh, in the meantime, I hope everybody has a great rest of your Tuesday. Um, please rewind, love each other, and we will see you again tomorrow. Everybody, take care. Seven 5 6 5 4 3 8