A/V Geeks 16mm Lunch 12-9-2025

So, for a permanent record, I took this film as I went through the >> Why, you took motion pictures. >> Exactly. And in about 2 seconds, we'll have them on the screen. >> I don't think many of us realize the years of skill and the labor that go into the making of fine wear. So, for a permanent record, I took this film as I went through the [music] >> Why you took motion pictures? >> Exactly. And in about 2 seconds, we'll have them on the screen. I don't think many of us reto [music] sees with the eye of a camera. It makes records of places, people, and [music] events. Photography lets you see the world about you without ever leaving your [music] classroom. It's your window on the world. [music] Photography shows shows how and why things happen. >> [music] >> And now through photography, Kodak brings you this edition of Screen News Digest. [music] The American farmer. This is his story. From the wooden plow to the mighty harvest, an agricultural revolution down on the farm. >> [music] >> From colonial times to the dawn of the 20th century, the farmer was the backbone of the American economy. He symbolized the sturdy pioneer who fed the nation's body and nourished its spirit with his courage, fierce independence, and self-reliance. Down on the farm in the early 1900s, families worked from before sun up to after sundown 7 days a week. Mothers cooked on wood burning stoves by the light of kerosene lamps, just as their own mothers and grandmothers and great grandmothers had done before them. [music] The hours were long and the life was hard. And still more than three out of every five Americans lived on farms as the United States entered the 20th century. >> [music] >> But change was coming. A revolution was taking place. Industry and immigration were remaking the face of America. [music] A new concept in industrial production, the assembly line, was increasing output and raising wages. The United States economy was booming [music] and the growth of cities and urban areas was luring more and more young people away from the farm. The balance of population was swinging from the rural to the urban areas. Charles Lindberg, the lone eagle, flew the Atlantic as Americans [music] in cities and on farms soared through the roaring 20s, sharing a prosperity that it seemed would never end. [cheering] But end it did, and the United States was thrust into the Great Depression. Bread lines [music] formed from coast to coast and men sold apples on street corners. Despair was everywhere. In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt became president as the crisis deepened. Sharecroppers and migrant farm workers lined the highways of many a Midwestern state out of work with no place to go as farm prices dropped and dropped and dropped. Huddled together in makeshift shelters, life was a day-to-day existence. After a lifetime of labor, there was no security, no future, no hope. One man spoke for the young in the caravan. My wife and I are forced out on the farm because we ain't getting no day labor to do. We're only getting six bits and a dollar a day and we can't make honest decent living at it. And that's the reason we're out here on Highway 61 right today. And we want to get a place to live and work and make an honest decent living. That's what I'm married to woman to take care of her and make her honest decent living. That's what we're going to do. if there's any change at all. >> Already mortgaged and deeply in debt, the American farmer could not meet his payments when corn brought 3 cents a bushel and the people in the cities didn't even have 3 cents to buy it. Farm failures, foreclosures, evictions became commonplace. At the height of the depression, more than a thousand families a day were forced to give up their farms. Taking what little they could carry with them, the evicted families drove off in search of some distant better life. For many, it would be a neverending journey. This was a bleak and bitter time for an industry that had been considered the lifeblood of a nation. And the worst was yet to come. Drought and dust storms swept [music] across the bread basket of America in the middle 1930s, turning millions of acres of fertile farmland into eroded, ravaged wastelands. Never in a hundred years had the forces of man and nature combined to punish a people whose survival depended on what they could draw from the soil. [music] >> [music] >> Cattle roamed the dried up range, pawing the dirt, looking for water holes that had long since disappeared. Much of the Middle West looked like an American Sahara as a drought continued. The soil eroded and the longsuffering farmer waited and hoped, hoped and waited. The loss in crops and cattle ran into the tens of millions of dollars. Animals that survived were little more than skin and bones. I've been farming 50 years and this is the worst I've ever seen. >> You know, the land that I got out of thought the government paid me not to plant. >> We're mighty bad oak, but I guess there's a lot of them worse open than we are. >> This for the American farmer was the darkest hour before the dawn. government and industry would come to the aid of the hard-pressed families down on the farm. [music] Giant irrigation and reclamation projects were begun to harness rivers and produce power. The waters at once destroyed and eroded would now become the servant of man. The results of the dams and power plants were dramatic and farreaching, stretching out for thousands of square miles to enrich the lives of millions of farm families. In many rural areas in the early 1930s, only two out of every 100 farms had electricity. Now it was at the fingertips of 10 and 20 and 30 times that number. Kerosene lamps were stored away. Power had come down on the farm to change and improve, serve and entertain old and young as they did their chores and lived their lives. The 30s made way for the 40s. The Great Depression was ending. Europe was at war. And the American farmer was once again producing at peak capacity to meet the agricultural demands of domestic and foreign markets. [music] December 7th, 1941, Pearl Harbor is attacked and America goes to war. 12 million men are called to the colors and a third [music] of them come from down on the farm. Never before has the United States needed so much from its farms. And never before have the farms been so under demand. The shortage becomes so acute that servicemen in America are sent to farms during harvest time to bring in crops that might otherwise rot in the ground. And the demands of a wartime economy stimulate new ways to increase agricultural output. Now virtually all that a farmer grows finds a ready market. The American GI wherever he goes is the best fed fighting man in the world. The road to peace is long and hard, but finally the victory is won. The infamy of Pearl Harbor is avenged when the Japanese surrender to General MacArthur in 1945. The big parade begins. GI coming home to signal the start of the greatest decade of growth in American history. [music] >> [music] >> Agriculture will play an important part in the exploding economy as machines grow bigger and more productive. By 1950, farming has advanced faster and farther in the United States in half a century than in any other country in the entire previous history of the world. And one man-hour of farm labor yields more than five times as much food as it did in 1920. The technological and scientific revolution extends into and throughout all phases of American farm life. Chemical breakthroughs and biological discoveries multiply production and improve quality. Additives and supplements enable chickens under controlled conditions to lay as many as seven eggs a day. >> [music] >> Farm assets total almost 250 billion, 2/3 of the value of all corporation assets in America. [music] The flood tide of agricultural plenty is enough by 1960 to feed and clothe half the world. The young, the new generation of farmers is also caught up in the challenges and opportunities provided by America's agricultural revolution. The 4H clubs, the future farmers of America, attract millions of boys and girls who learn by doing. [music] This is a new kind of pioneer who one day may be operating and managing farms where computers plot every facet of agricultural life. [music] Already automation has come to many an owner down on the farm. Warren North of Brookton, Indiana is one. [music] [music] He is in a sense a push button farmer. By using a complex system of buttons and switches, he can feed his cattle automatically. [music] Spinning augers push the foder from the storage silos to the cattle troughs. Farmer North can, if he wants, blend several kinds of feed with the push of a button. And supplementary vitamins and hormones can also be dropped into the augur before it begins the final leg of its automated journey to the waiting cattle. >> [music] >> In 10 minutes, push button farming has done a job that once would have kept five men working for half a day. But increasing production is not without its problems. There is a widening gap between the price a [music] farmer gets for his crops and their cost at the supermarket. And despite government efforts at crop control, [music] agricultural overp production averages between 5 and 10% each year. And yet even this overprouction may someday be a virtue if the population explosion continues. A Swedish economist Gunnar Murdo has predicted that before the end of the 1970s, the world will need every shred of food and fiber that the United States can grow. The challenge until then is to find new and constructive ways to utilize America's mighty harvest and to make the nation's agricultural abundance not a curse but a blessing. Hello everybody. This is Skip Alzheimer. Welcome to the Age Geeks Lunchtime streaming show where we are using a new webcam. Um, that doesn't make me seem so purple and I'm using using a mic which I can mute and now it's back and so I don't have to do like a mouse click. Um, so that's great. Hopefully that will bring down the issues uh that we had before. Um, what else? Uh, the Cintel is still giving me some weird issues. I'm I'm not able to capture while I'm uh I'm not able to digitize while I'm running this this Intel. But we'll just use it today and then just kind of see what happens. Uh so where is it? Okay. Uh I have a film Inspection of Pleasure Craft. It's by the Coast Guard. Enjoy. [music] Okay, let's open this thing up and see what you'll do. >> Sure. >> Go. >> Go. Well, here we go again. When will people learn that that's no way to have a safe good time? >> Okay, let's check that guy out. >> You can hail the operator of a boat you want to board by holding your arms straight out. But it can be misunderstood. If the guy you're hailing misunderstands or doesn't stop, you can use a stop sign. >> Okay, let's give him the blue light. >> Since a flashing blue light can be seen in daylight as well as night, it's an even better attention getter. I could have used several other devices. A police whistle. A loud hailer is especially good, but even it fails sometimes. There's no mistaking this one, but it can embarrass the heck out of the guy by drawing the attention of the other boatman. So, I turn it on only as a last resort. Anyway, in this case, the blue light did the job. So, we prepared to pull alongside a board. >> Uh-oh. What did I do now? >> When I get within about 100 ft of the vessel, I check the number for proper display. Sir, place your engine in neutral gear. We'll come alongside your starboard side. I also check to see if enough fenders are out. and enough personnel to handle the boarding. >> Good afternoon, sir. I'm Chief Thomas, US Coast Guard Federal Voting Officer. I'm going to board your boat and examine it to see if it meets the minimum federal requirements. >> Okay, sir. I always remain courteous, but I never ask if I can go aboard. I don't want to give him the chance to decline and place me at a disadvantage right at the start of the examination. Sir, I'd like to see your certificate of numbers and some means of identification, such as a driver's license, something with your home address on it. >> All right, sir. Here's a registration card. >> Fine. Thank you. Just the card, sir. >> Your name's Mr. Is it? >> That's right. >> All right. Would you take it out, sir? Just your uh driver's license would be sufficient. >> All right. >> What's your middle name, Mr. Pard? >> Gunther. >> Gunther. All right. >> Fine. Thank you very much, Mr. Bernard. When I get these papers, I give them to my other petty officers on board the boat. It records them on a form 4100. It also tells me the boat's length, and if there is any doubt, I'll measure it. This is the official report of boarding. First, the boat's number is checked to see if it tallies with that merited by us on the approach and that it has been properly displayed. Sir, next I'd like to see three life saving devices or personal flotation devices. >> There's one right behind me here. >> All right. All right, sir. So, what I'm doing is examining this personal flotation device. Underneath this cloth covering is the flotation material itself. It's kpock or fibrous glass that's in it's in a heat sealed plastic bag. I'm looking for uh pin holes, tears, rips, and punctures induced perhaps by the snag of a fish hook or even a lady's hair pin. And I take and squeeze each section. If it if it has a puncture in it, you hear the air escaping and give off a hissing sound. So, I squeeze and when it bubbles up just like that, we know it's good. We do each individual section. If any section has a hole in it, the entire device will be rejected or not acceptable. And we take the straps and give them a little tug. All right. Here's one more. All right. Fine. All right. So, this is a little different. This is made out of unisellular plastic foam. It's just foam rubber under the cloth covering. You cannot puncture this type. It's most important that every flotation device be marked with an official stamp of Coast Guard approval. This signifies that it has been tested and should be safe for use. Again, the straps. Fine. >> Got some more over here. >> That's all right, sir. We can't accept these in these plastic containers that are not readily accessible. You're going to have to open up one end of this plastic bag. Also, the fact that they're from the dealer and they're tied up and so forth. They they're not really readily accessible. When you have a fire or an explosion or collision, you need these things right away. Can't even untie the thing now. We don't These things should be adjusted the person's body. Where did they go? All right, sir. Sir, I'd like to look at your flame arresttor. The backfire flame arresttor on your engine. Yes, sir. >> And how many horsepower is your engine? >> 120. >> 120. >> Yes, sir. >> All right. Let's see if they're on tight. This is supposed to be a flametight fit. We checked to see if there's any dirt, debris. It's pretty clean there. Looks pretty good. Coast Guard approved. Fine. All right. All right. So, while we're back here, I'm going to check your ventilation on the engine compartment, the cow and ducking so forth. Make sure there's no bird nest, leaf, and so forth. Make sure the ducking's the proper size. That looks pretty good. You can see that one's fine there. All right, sir. Next, I'd like to hear your horn. Do you have a horn or a whistle on board? >> Yes, sir. >> All right. All right. Archer, do you have a fire signature on board? >> Yes, sir. It's back here. >> All right. Oh, no. >> Somewhere back here. >> Yeah, here it is. >> Sir, you shouldn't have this stowed in the same compartment as your engine chains are. If you had a fire, you'd probably have it right back here where you have this fuel and so forth. Should have this thing mounted out near the operator where everyone could see it. You need this thing in a hurry. 1 B1 not accessible. Not readily accessible, Vincent. All right, the gauge is up. I hit it here to make sure the needle is free. Checking the nozzle. See, there's no foreign matter where uh wasp or mud divers is building stuff a little cocoon. Push guard approved. That's fine, sir. You ought to leave this thing out uh where you can get it pretty easily. Should be mounted out. Recommend it's mounted out. >> All right. >> Not not in the engine department. That's really an unsafe thing. >> How about if I mount this up there at the by the wheel? Yes, sir. That would be an ideal place. All right. Right near the operator. >> All right. Fine. Let's check the rest of your ventilation system here for your fuel tank compartment. All right. This is to remove the explosive vapors and fumes from the fuel and engine compartment. That looks pretty good. All right, sir. So, the reason why we stopped your boat was because you were coming in a posted area here by local authorities. This is a six mile zone and you're up on a plane and traveling very fast. You can get a sender in your eye or a mosquito or something. Uh, grab the wheel and grab drive with one hand, make a sharp turn, perhaps strike a swimmer or another boat and this is very dangerous. Also, I'd like to remind you that the have marinas and boats in this area and so forth. You are responsible for any and all damage that is caused by your weight. Going to give you a verbal warning on that this time. If you continue to operate like that, uh, I would stop you again and issue a notice of violation for that. If convicted of a criminal offense, the penalty is could go as high as $2,000 in a year in prison or both. So, I urge you to really slow your boat down. Uh, Vince, are you finished with the 4100 for him? Okay. Right. license registration. >> All right, Mr. Bard, here's your state registration card or certificate of numbers, your driver's license, and sir, Colonel, your boat was in violation of federal law for the following reason. That is, upon the time of boarding, your fire extinguisher was not readily accessible. All right, sir. We already correct the death and sure be mounted there before we come back out again. >> All right, fine. Have you ever been examined by the Coast Guard before within the past 3 years? >> No, I've never been stopped before. >> All right, fine. Let me have a warning sticker. All right, Mr. PGE. Sir, I'm going to issue a warning on this. Based on the premise of the discrepancies, noted will be corrected before the next use of the vote and your statement that this was your first citation for a violation of federal voting laws and regulations within the past 3 years. No penalty action will be instituted. This warning will be kept on file 3 years and will be considered in the event of a future violation. This is your copy of the notice of violation. Also, >> there's some Coast Guard literature here, sir. >> Good. Thank you. This will tell you all you need to have about the equipment on your boat and about the accessibility of the life devices and the firefighting equipment. >> Okay, I'll keep my speed down for >> Thank you very much for your cooperation. Have a good day and a safe summer. Mr. >> This one was a pretty routine boarding operation. The whole thing took less than 15 minutes. It's wise to detain a guy as short a time as possible, just long enough to get the job done. You're not there to harass him, just to look out for his safety. There are sometimes when a guy really lets loose at you with some foul language. It takes all your cool to keep from flipping right back at him. But it's part of the job. Being a boarding officer is no place for thin skinned people. And don't feel you have to do it exactly the way I do. You can develop your own technique. Your basic guide is right here. Form 4100. It's all in a check off list. How you go about it depends a lot on your own style of doing things. Just remember, courtesy is the by word. Boarding officers examine vessels. They don't inspect. And in this business, the guy who checks out A-OK gets the color sheet and not the white one. Okay, let's get underway. It's a good sunny day. Let's keep it a safe one. [music] [music] >> [music] [music] >> Yeah, I'm sorry about the uh audio glitch. Um it wasn't there earlier. Uh so I haven't licked this problem yet. So I'll keep working on it. Uh basically I am embracing more than 100 years of technology and um it is it's always something whether it's a film that's warped or this something in the chain is act misbehaving. Um so I'll just keep working on it until I get it to work. Um, anyways, uh, I have some pre-scanned stuff. Uh, this one is where mileage begins. Where do you think it begins if you had to guess? Let's find out together. [music] [music] Heat. [music] [music] [music] [music] Heat. >> [music] >> For over 250 years, men have dreamed and labored over an engine which would convert the heat of natural fuel into work in the cylinder of the engine itself. But not until the advent of gasoline was a successful internal combustion engine achieved. Even today, engineers writing specifications for a more ideal fuel. No ordinary explosive, in fact, can approach its potential energy. It is not unusual for a modern car to travel 18 miles on a gallon of gasoline. But with a like amount of TMT, the same car would make only 6 miles. An equal quantity of nitroglycerin would carry it barely 3 miles. Dynamite about 2 and a3 miles. And black powder less than two. Gunpowder was deemed the best available fuel for the internal combustion engine described by a Dutch scientist as long ago as the year 1680. The idea had merit for yesterday's cannon and today's gasoline engine have much in common. Loading the cannon, for example, is a slow motion counterpart of the intake stroke of the gas engine. Ramming or packing the powder charge serves the same purpose as the engine's compression stroke. Between the second and third operations or strokes, both the cannon and engine are fired. The burning powder results in expanding gases that force the shot up and out the barrel. Except for the ejection, the same thing happens in the power stroke of the engine. Then, like the cylinder of a motor, the cannon barrel must be cleaned before a new charge can be put in. This operation is the exhaust stroke in the engine. Using the cannon barrel as a cylinder, let us add the parts necessary to make a gasoline engine and see how simple it really is in principle. First, we'll change the ram rod into a closely fitting piston which slides up and down. But to propel a car, this vertical action must be converted into rotary movement. The moving parts of an ordinary grindstoneone in a man's arm will serve our purpose in a familiar form. The man's arm operates as a connecting rod and the hand crank makes a fair crankshaft and the grindstoneone itself will do as a flywheel to keep our engine revolving smoothly between power strokes. Before we can make these power impulses, however, additions must be made to our engine so it can be supplied with a combustible mixture of gasoline and air. The necessary mixing device is called a carburetor, but it's nothing more than a glorified atomizer or spray gun. Air rushing at high speed past an open tube of correct size picks up the liquid fuel in the proper amount to form a combustible mixture. The pipe which carries the mixture from the carburetor to the engine is known as the intake manifold. The pipe on the opposite side is the exhaust manifold and valves called intake and exhaust serve as the engine's doors to admit the fresh mixture and let out the burnt gases. Now we add another set of parts, push rods, rocker arms, cams, and a camshaft and two gears which drive the cam shaft at half the speed of the crankshaft. The task of the cams and cam shaft is to make the valves open and close at the proper time. This is done simply by changing rotary into up and down movement. Unlike the cannon, the explosive mixture in our engine is ignited by a spark jumping the gap in a spark plug. The spark must start a mixture burning at the right instant, however, so we install a timing device called a distributor. The distributor is a switch driven by the engine which times the spark to occur as the piston nears the top of the cylinder. In the cannon, we observed its operation on the principle of a four- stroke cycle. Namely, the intake stroke, the compression stroke, the power stroke, and the exhaust stroke. Our modern internal combustion engine also operates on a schedule known as the four- stroke cycle. The first stroke pulls the inflammable mixture from the carburetor in through the open intake valve to fill the cylinder. The second stroke compresses the mixture to approximately 125 lbs per square in. As the piston nears the top of the compression stroke, the spark plug ignites the mixture. The temperature in the chamber immediately jumps to as high as 4500° F. On the third or power stroke, the hot gases expand against the piston, driving it downward with the pressure approaching a ton and a half on a 3-in piston. The fourth and final stroke of the cycle forces the burnt gases out through the exhaust valve and manifold. The four strokes come in rapid succession. Intake, compression, power, exhaust. Intake, compression, power, exhaust. Intake, compression, power, exhaust, intake, compression, power, exhaust. When an engineer says that an engine has a compression ratio of 6:1, he means that the mixture of gasoline and air is squeezed to 1/6th of its volume by the piston as it moves from the bottom to the top in the compression stroke. The higher the compression ratio, the more power the engine develops. One characteristic of gasoline limits the degree to which the compression can be raised. When the ratio is too high, the result is familiar to all of us. Knock. Some idea of the complexity of the fuel problem may be obtained by looking in on research engineers as they photograph the air gasoline mixture burning in a cylinder. This special combustion camera is capable of taking 5,000 photographs a second. To permit the filming of combustion, the top of the cylinder of a test engine has been made of quartz glass. Here, for example, is how a smooth combustion looks slowed down to 1/200th normal speed. A closer examination of these combustion pictures shows the spark. At the point of this spark, the mixture takes fire. The flame travels rapidly across the enclosed combustion chamber like fire in a field of dry grass. So rapidly, in fact, that the burning is completed in 3 1,000 of a second. Now for contrast let us examine a knocking combustion. The beginning of the combustion is the same. The flame travels rapidly across the combustion chamber. But from here on the burning is different. The instantaneous burning of the last part of the charge causes the trouble. This is the knocking zone. Here are the two combustion chambers side by side. The one on the right is using a gasoline containing an antino fluid. Compare its smoothness with that of the knocking combustion on the left. Responsible for this imperfect combustion is the gasoline. And the remedy is antininoch fuels. Each time an automobile engine runs through its cycle of four strokes, the crankshaft makes two revolutions and the car moves ahead about a yard. If the car is ancient enough to have a single cylinder motor, one power impulse does all this work. But as the number of cylinders increases, the flow of power becomes smoother for the power strokes begin to overlap more and more. It's a long step from the crude engine we built up from a cannon to the modern automobile motor. To appreciate the degree of perfection to which these power plants have been developed by automotive engineers, let's assemble one of today's internal combustion engines. The assembly parade starts with the pistons, rings, connecting rods, and wrist pins. Into the engine block they go, each piston fitting smoothly into its precision ground cylinder. The backbone of any internal combustion engine is the crankshaft, for it converts the up and down movement of the pistons into the rotary movement that propels the car. And this one, followed by its squad of bearings and bolts, has been balanced both statically and dynamically on special machines. The flywheel with the starter gear on its rim takes its place on the back end of the crankshaft. The cam shaft of a modern engine runs in removable bearings which are lubricated from the oil pump and is driven at half engine speed by these timing gears. This group of parts is made up of the cam followers which ride on the cams. The springs which hold the followers against the cams. Bush rods which transmit the motion to the rocker arms. and retaining clips which hold the parts in place. This is the way the valves are assembled into the cylinder head. The valves, which operate at red heat, are made of special alloy steel. The valve springs hold the valves on their seats, keeping them tightly closed until lifted by the cams. The gasket is placed on the motor block and the cylinder head takes its position on top of the engine. The rocker arms are assembled in this fashion. Following the rocker arms to the motor are the oil feed and return lines, the side plate, and the top cover. Oil is circulated by a gear type oil pump and oil distributor to all the vital working parts. The crank case now going on is the engine's oil reservoir. These parts are known as the oil filler and crankase ventilator. The intake and exhaust manifolds where they belong. The air cleaner and intake silencer attach itself to the carburetor. And here we see them secured to the top of the intake manifold. Next in order come the fuel pump and fuel line, the distributor and spark plugs. The self starter assembles and bolts to the flywheel housing. The parts which follow operate and control the action of the selfarter. The job of the generator is to convert a small amount of mechanical energy from the engine into electrical energy to charge the battery and provide ignition and lighting current. The fan which pulls the air through the radiator, the pump which circulates the water and the thermostat which controls the temperature are the backbone of the cooling system. Looking inside a cutaway model, we see the science of modern engineering exemplified in this marvel of powerful efficiency. The internal combustion engine now complete and ready for a long life of fine service with a minimum of attention. So we shall place it in position on the engine mountings in the car frame. Transferring the power or turning effort of the engine back to the road wheels is our next task. Moving back from the motor, we come first to the clutch, the device which connects and disconnects the power plant from the rear wheels. Next in line is the transmission or as the English call it the gearbox which makes it possible to choose the relationship of the speed of the engine to that of the rear wheels. We join the large and small gears in various combinations to produce the speed ratio we want, namely low, intermediate, and high. This simple diagram shows what actually happens when we shift gears. To start the car, we need high turning effort and low speed at the rear wheels. A gear ratio which allows the engine to make almost 12 turns to one of the rear wheels is used for the first or low speed. When the car is in motion, we no longer need a great turning effort. A ratio which allows the engine to make about eight turns to one of the rear wheels gives second speed. The final shift is into high where the engine and the rear wheels are directly connected. This allows the engine to run at an economical speed. The problem in reverse is similar to that in low. Great turning effort at low speed with one exception. The rear wheels must turn in the opposite direction to that of the engine. A universal joint is installed between the transmission and the drive shaft to allow the rear axle to move up and down. The drive shaft transmits the power of the engine from the transmission to the rear axle. The rear axle is made up of two sets of gears. The first set bevel drive gears transmit power from the drive shaft to the rear axle shafts. The second set, the differential gears, allow independent rotation of either wheel as is necessary in going around corners. The chassis is now fitted with the entire power producing mechanism and the means of transmitting turning effort to the rear wheels. Just as important as a smooth running car, however, is a smooth stopping one. Our brake is made up of shoes lined with friction material and a drum of hard metal. The wheels are stopped by forcing the shoe against the rotating drum, which converts the mechanical energy of the moving car into heat. A modern 100 horsepower car has 500 horsepower brakes and these are applied by a light pressure on the foot pedal through a hydraulic braking system. The steering mechanism must be strong, dependable, and easy to operate. When the steering wheel is turned, the steering gear causes an arm to move back and forth and change the direction of the front wheels. With the body we have an automobile in which are crystallized the latest developments in automotive engineering, research and styling. In it are built economy, safety, comfort, appearance, performance and efficiency. Everything in fact except the skill of the driver. >> [music] >> That was totally James Bril. It the way he pronounced some of those things. And yeah, so this might have been before he was at Encyclopedia Bratannica. Uh not sure, but uh cuz he was at Herpie for uh before Encyclopedia Bratannica films existed. So it's possible that's you know he did that. But yeah, that voice is definitely something. I was trying to find a a picture of him, but I don't have one handy on this uh computer, this new computer that I'm using. Um, yeah, there's a lot of stuff I don't have handy here. Okay, so [sighs] Christmas is coming obviously. Um, and so I just found this film and I could have saved this for Christmas, but you know what? Whatever. Here we go. Nobody else is saving any of their Christmas content until Christmas Day, so why should I do that? All right, here it is. Early one morning. Enjoy. >> [bell] [bell] [bell] >> Come with us early one morning to a far northern land. A strangely mystical scene where the candles burn in the still frosty air over the snowclad graves of the departed is a unique feature of the celebration of Christmas in Sweden. It is still dark while the bells are ringing for early morning service. But all over the countryside the lighted windows show that the people are awake. Presently, flaming points of light appear, moving from every direction as the congregation, in sledges or on foot, begin to converge upon the central meeting place, the village church. The glare of the passing torches across the snow throws up curious vivid reflections and grotesque shadows as these muffled figures slip silently over nature's white carpet. >> [bell] [music] >> Outside the church as they arrive, the members of the congregation leave their torches at the porch before entering the house of worship. >> [music] [music] [music] [music] >> All that [music] we have. [music] Oh, [music] [music] we Holy [music] [music] [music] Glory. Oh, [music] God. >> [music] >> We are Hallelujah. [music] [music] Hallelujah. [music] [music] And now the pastor opens the sacred book and reads to the rap listeners the simple but beautiful story which has captured the heart of mankind. The story which throughout the ages has appealed alike to young and old, to the scholar and to the unlettered. The wonderful story which ends with a message of peace on earth and goodwill towards all men. [music] [music] >> [music] >> Oh my [music] god. [music] [music] for [music] [singing] the door [music] for you and Lord [singing] [music] for The [singing] king [music] [music] of [music and singing] I [music] mean for me he [music and singing] [music] might [music] All [music] in heal. [music] And the glad sunlight spreads over the earth, heralding yet another Christmas and flooding the world with beauty. The simple but eternal beauty of nature. the amazing purities on earth to inspire the hearts of all with hope everlasting and to strengthen the determination of all mankind to make peace on earth a lasting reality. >> [music] >> Uh yeah, I'm sorry. Uh I was going to show a film called Explosion, but it was kind of a downer. Um, and I was just not feeling it today. Maybe at some point I'll show it. And it's not about an explosion. It's about the population explosion. So, I forgot to change. So, I I did a last minute switch and then forgot to change the uh the text. So, um yeah, that was uh that that was what it was. Um um incredibly boring. like the number of midnight masses that I went to that they were a lot like that. So, um trying to keep awake um trying to be uh anxious. Well, not anxious but excited about like opening a gift when I get home. But there's a whole thing and I don't know if this film is longer and it just got cut. But basically, they do the church service, then they go home, then there's like a meal, then some sort of Santa Clausish character shows up. Um, then they kind of celebrate, and then everybody goes to bed. Um, so that's that's what I've learned from other films that I have. All right, so thanks everybody for tuning in today. Very much appreciate your eyeballs uh and dealing with all the uh weird technical stuff. And you know, this is going to take time. It's a dance that we have to do. I don't want to do it, but there you go. All right, everybody. Have a great rest of your day. If you like what you saw, hit the thumbs up, hit the like button. Uh you can support us on Patreon. You can support us uh via Venmo. You can use the super thanks button, buy us coffee via ko-fi.coms, or you can write us at skipabeeks.com. Um but anyways, thanks everybody. We will see you later. Take care. Bye.