Visual Perception - Identifications

foreign [Music] in ponds and rivers small turtles may often be found turtles like this one are called sliders or red ears they make good pets they are gentle animals interesting to watch and easy to care for to keep a red-eared turtle as a pet learn all you can about it the best way to learn to care for any animal is to find out how it takes care of itself let's see how a red eared turtle live in its natural home a red-eared turtle spends most of its time underwater where it looks for food it will eat almost anything it finds in the pond plants small fish tadpoles worms and insects this one is trying to catch a pill bug sometimes two turtles will try to eat the same food [Music] a turtle eats under water but after it eats it usually swims to the surface for fresh air and sunlight all turtles breathe air just as we do a turtle needs sunlight the sun warms its body helping it digest its food if you know how a turtle lives you will be better able to care for one to keep one as a pet a place as much as possible like its natural home should be made for it an aquarium or large bowl will do a turtle needs a high place like this rock so we can leave the water when it wishes indoors a small light about a foot from the turtle will warm it helping to take the place of the sun a turtle will stay healthy if it is properly cared for it needs plenty of clean water as it would have in its natural home it needs food as much as possible like it's natural food live food like this meal worm is best for a turtle if live food is not available a good dried food made of different kinds of insects and green plants will do since a turtle will not over eat it may be given all the food it will take however leftover food will spoil the water in which the turtle lives to keep the water clean change it every few days after its meal a turtle usually crawls out of the water to digest its food and to rest now that our turtle has a good home and has been well fed we can look at it closely notice the turtle's eye each eye has a stripe running through it when it takes a nap it usually pulls itself inside its shell and closes both eyes but one eye closed and one eye open a turtle's ears cannot be seen they are covered by skin however the red patches on the side of its head locate the ears and give it its common name red eared turtle a turtle breathes through two small holes it has no teeth it bites off food with the hard edge of its mouth a turtle shell is part of its body and a turtle can never leave it it grows as the turtle grows the upper and lower parts of the shell are joined on each side the tough hard shell protects the turtle from harm when frightened it can pull itself into its shell the shell should never be painted because paint may injure it preventing it from growing properly and the turtle may die a turtle's feet are flat and paddle like they help it swim the skin on its legs is covered with hard scales the scales protect the legs just as the shell protects the body a turtle has a very small tail if you keep any animal as a pet learn all you can about it the more you know about it the more interesting you will find it and the more you will enjoy it the little red ear or slider is a good pet and it is easy to care for to care for it properly give it plenty of clean water just as it would have in its natural home give it food as much as possible like its natural food give it a place where it can crawl out of the water just as it would have in its natural home a pet should be properly cared for the best way to find out how to properly take care of any animal is to find out how it takes care of itself [Music] [Music] what happened here this man was driving east east at 45 miles an hour at least i'd say he was going 50. now i was turning south i was going about 30. she didn't even see me 30 miles an hour you switched lanes right in front of me you didn't even signal that you if i was in front of you you should have seen me how can i see you when you cut in there at that speed one more time again individually there is no such thing as an instant replay of a traffic situation each viewer's perception varies she didn't even see me i looked but i didn't see him coming is a typical response in an accident situation both drivers had different perceptions of what they saw the eye is the main source of driver information but perception is more than just seeing it is the piling up and use of past experience and knowledge through which we interpret what we see and act on in the present read and try to remember the sentence which you will see next many viewers do not even see the second v in the sentence because it does not make sense in terms of our past experience here's another example this could be a rabbit or a duck or both depending upon how you perceive it if our perceptions differ in such simple visual experiences it is not surprising that they differ in more complex situations in an increasingly confused traffic scene our minds cannot possibly interpret all there is to observe [Music] but we can improve our visual perception by learning to identify important traffic information and by organizing it into meaningful patterns first we must be selective eye movement studies prove we can attend to only one thing at a time and then only for a fraction of a second even when driving in moderate traffic we must be mentally set to identify those clues which affect our intended path of travel we must also be systematic highway events may be classified in three major groups traffic controls highway characteristics and other users traffic controls include traffic lights highway signs and road markings obstructions and temporary road conditions due to construction are also traffic controls which require a high degree of perceptual skill in driving organizing highway events requires that the driver identify and interpret traffic signs and relate this to other visual information in the traffic scene almost at the same time a second way to group highway events is by the condition of the roadway itself or by highway characteristics in this case a two-lane road with a narrow soft shoulder and here is another highway characteristic to watch for an area of reduced space as the street narrows in this case the road narrows to two lanes as traffic increases on a section of uneven pavement [Music] what changes in highway characteristics do you see in these scenes here we are in a narrowing situation approaching a section of uneven roadway on a bridge which may have an icy surface in this case we're on a freeway with roadway construction obstacles approaching a foggy area and possible wet pavement and a large bug has hit and become attached to our windshield a third group of highway events is other users bicycles pedestrians moving vehicles and those parked along the intended path of travel we must continually be alert to identify clues in the actions of other users which will help us predict how they might behave