Modern Chemistry, Lesson 96: Hard Water - Its Treatment - Ion Exchange

Duration: 30 min

Creator: Encyclopaedia Britannica Educational Corporation

Description: Explains that temporary hard water may be softened by a base such as sodium hydroxide which neutralized the bicarbonate ions and forms carbonate ions which then precipitate with the calcium ions present. Phosphate may also be used to remove calcium ions. Another method of softening water is by "ion exchange.".

Metadata Source:Catalog of Classroom Teaching Films for Georgia Schools, No. 10 (Georgia Department of Education)